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Hematology > Granulopoiesis > Flashcards

Granulopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Factors that increase Leukopoiesis

A

Leukopoietin

Infection

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2
Q

Leukopoietin

A
  • Causes proliferation of precursor cells in bone marrow (BM)
  • Increased release of mature or almost mature cells from BM to circulation
  • Alters ratio of stored/circulating cells
    • Available in synthetic form for chemo patients → neulastin/neulasta / neulastim
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3
Q

infection (increases leukopoiesis)

A

detected by release of chemotactic factors released from infecting organism or virus

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4
Q

Granulopoiesis characteristics

As granulocyte develops..

A
  • Cell volume decreases
  • NC ratio decreases
  • Chromatin → condenses and creates lobules
  • Nucleoli → disappear
  • Cytoplasm → primary and secondary granules appear
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5
Q

CFU-GEMM → CFU-Bas →

A

Basophil

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6
Q

CFU-GEMM → CFU-GM → CFU-G

A

Neutrophil

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7
Q

CFU-GEMM → CFU-Eo →

A

Eosinophil

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8
Q

Myeloblast

(basophilic, eosinophilic, neutrophilic lines)

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 14-20 micro m

Nucleus → round, oval, slightly indented. 2-4 nucleoli. Chromatin is fine meshlike; light red/purple

Cytoplasm → small amount; moderate blue. NO granules

NC → 7:1 - 5:1

BM → 0-2%; Normally only in BM

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9
Q

Auer Rods are only present in

A

Myeloblast + Promyelocyte

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10
Q

Promyelocyte

(Basophilic, Eosinophilic, Neutrophilic lines)

Size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC ratio?

BM%?

A

Size → 15-22 micro m

Nucleus → can be obscured. Oval/round/possibly eccentric, flattened. 1-3 nucleoli, Chromatin is medium density; light red/purple

Cytoplasm → moderate blue. Primary granules; Azurophilic, non specific

NC ratio → 5:1 - 3:1

BM → 1-4% normally only in BM

BM%?

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11
Q
A

Promyelocyte (basophilic, eosinophilic, neutrophilic)

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12
Q
A

Promyelocyte (basophilic, eosinophilic, neutrophilic)

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13
Q
A

Promyelocyte (basophilic, eosinophilic, neutrophilic)

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14
Q

Primary granules in Promyelocyte contain..

A

Myeloperoxidase

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15
Q

Eosinophilic Series

A
  1. Eosinophilic Myelocyte
  2. Eosinophilic Metamyelocyte
  3. Band Eosinophil
  4. Eosinophil

Defense against parasitic + fungal infections

Inactivates mast cell products during anaphylactic reactions

Highest amount at 4 am

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16
Q

Eosinophilic series specific/secondary granules contain

A

Major basic protein + Eosinophil Peroxidase

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17
Q
A

Eosinophilic Myelocyte

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18
Q

Eosinophilic Myelocyte

Size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC ratio?

BM ?

A

Size → 10-18 micro m

Nucleus → oval/flat. chromatin is course/slightly granular + red/purple

Cytoplasm → filled with large/red secondary granules

NC ratio → 2:1 - 1:1

BM → 0-3%

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19
Q

Eosinophilic Metamyelocyte

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 10-15 micro m

Nucleus → indented eccentric/kidney bean. Indention = less than half nuclear diameter. Chromatin: patches of course

Cytoplasm → pale blue/pink. Red/orange secondary granules

NC → 1:1

BM → 0-5%

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20
Q
A

Eosinophilic Metamyelocyte

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21
Q
A

Eosinophilic Band

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22
Q

Eosinophilic Band

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 9-15 micro m

Nucleus → Band Shaped w/ NO filament. Indention is more than ½ nuclear diameter. Chromatin is coarsely clumped “leopard”

Cytoplasm → orange/pink. Red orange secondary granules

NC → 1:1 - 1:2

BM → 0-5%

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23
Q
A

Eosinophil

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24
Q

Eosinophil

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 10-16 micro m

Nucleus → Bi-Lobed (connected by thin filament). Chromatin is coarsely granular

Cytoplasm → orange/pink. Red orange secondary granules

NC → 1:2

BM → 0-1%; present in peripheral blood

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25
Q
A

Eosinophil

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26
Q

Basophilic Series

A

Smallest in circulation

Allergic reactions

Specific/secondary granules contain → Histamine and heparin (water soluble)

27
Q

histamine

A

vasoconstriction

28
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant

29
Q
A

Basophilic Myelocyte

30
Q

Basophilic Myelocyte

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 10-18 micro m

Nucleus → oval/indented/obscured. Chromatin is courser/slightly granular, red purple. Nucleoli →none for remaining maturation

Cytoplasm → Filled with large purple-black secondary granules

NC → 2:1 - 1:1

BM → 0-3%

31
Q
A

Basophilic Metamyelocyte

32
Q

Basophilic Metamyelocyte

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 10-15 micro m

Nucleus → indented eccentric/kidney bean. Indention = less than half nuclear diameter. Chromatin is in patches of course

Cytoplasm → pale blue. purple/black secondary granules

NC → 1:1

BM → 0-5%

33
Q

Basophilic Band

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 9-15 micro m

Nucleus → Band shaped - no filament. Indention is more than ½ nuclear diameter. Chromatin is coarsely clumped “leopard spots”

Cytoplasm → pale blue + purple/black secondary granules

NC → 1:1 - 1:2

BM → 0-5%

34
Q
A

Basophilic Band

35
Q
A

Basophil

36
Q

Basophil (segmented)

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 10-14 micro m

Nucleus → lobulated (2) / clover like /obscured. Chromatin is coarse, clumped

Cytoplasm → pale blue. Purple/black secondary granules; can lead to decolorized areas if over rinsed (water soluble)

NC → 1:3

BM → 1:3

Referred to as Mast Cell in tissues

37
Q
A

Basophil (over rinsed on left)

38
Q
A

Mast cell (tissue basophil)

39
Q

Neutrophilic Series

A

Most numerous

Protects host from microorganisms

Release substance causing chemotaxis

2 populations → marginating pool and circulation

Specific/ secondary granules contain Collagenase, lactoferrin, lysozyme

40
Q
A

Neutrophilic Myelocyte

41
Q

“dawn of neutrophilia”

A

first distinguishable neutrophil

42
Q

Neutrophilic myelocyte

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 10-18 micro m

Nucleus → oval/flattened, chromatin: course/slightly granular, red/purple. No nucleoli

Cytoplasm → Filled with dusty fine, red/blue secondary granules

NC → 5-20 %

BM?

43
Q
A

Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte

44
Q

Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 10-15 micro m

Nucleus → indented eccentric/kidney bean. Indention is less than half nuclear diameter. Chromatin: patches of course

Cytoplasm → blue/pink. Fine, dusty red/blue secondary granules

NC → 1:1

BM → 5-15 %

45
Q
A

Neutrophilic metamyelocyte

46
Q
A

Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte

47
Q

Band Neutrophil

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 9-15 micro m

Nucleus → Band shaped. Indention more than nuclear diameter. Chromatin is coarsely clumped “leopard spots”.

Cytoplasm → brownish, pinkish, bluish

NC → 1:1 - 1:2

BM → 10 - 35%; present in peripheral blood

48
Q
A

Band Neutrophil

49
Q
A

Band Neutrophil

50
Q
A

Band Neutrophil

51
Q
A

Band Neutrophil

52
Q
A

Segmented Neutrophil aka PMN

53
Q
A

Segmented Neutrophil aka PMN

54
Q
A

Segmented Neutrophil aka PMN

55
Q
A

Segmented Neutrophil aka PMN

56
Q

Segmented Neutrophil

size?

Nucleus?

Cytoplasm?

NC?

BM?

A

size → 9 -15 micro m

Nucleus → 2-5 distinct lobes connected with filament. Chromatin is clumped and granular

Cytoplasm → pale lilac with blue shading. Fine dusty, red/blue secondary granules

NC → 1:3

BM → 5-15 % present in peripheral blood

57
Q

Neutrophil Toxic Granulation

A

primary granules (from promyelocyte stage) remain through maturation

Quantity is graded 0-4

Possible causes → severe infection, Rheumatoid Arthiritis

58
Q

Primary granules

Start?

What happens during maturation?

Specific/Nonspecific?

A

Start → Promyelocyte stage

What happens during maturation → normally decrease in Myelocyte stage

Specific/Nonspecific → NON SPECIFIC

59
Q

Secondary Granules

Start?

What happens during maturation?

Specific/Nonspecific?

A

Start → myelocyte stage

What happens during maturation → stays present through entire remaining maturation

Specific/Nonspecific → specific for granulocytic cell line

60
Q

Proliferation storage pool - Bone Marrow

A

myeloblasts

promyelocytes

myelocytes

3-6 days

cell dividing

61
Q

Maturation Storage Pool - Bone Marrow

A

Metamyelocyte

Bands

segmented cells

5-7 days

non dividing cells

62
Q

Functional pool - Blood Stream

A

Circulating pool

6 hours

Enters tissue by diapedesis

cannot reenter blood or BM

Marginating pool

Replenishes circulating cells

63
Q

Marginate stimuli

A

synthetics

hemodialysis

viral infection

64
Q

Demarginate stimuli- enter circulating pool

A

Severe exercise

Stress

Administration of epinephrine

E. coli, pseudomonas or staphylococcus infection

Hematology (36 decks)

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