GROUP 1 UNIT 2: FOUNDATION CONCEPTS: THE COMPONENTS OF IS Flashcards
______underlie all business processes, as well as our understanding of information systems and technologies.
System Concepts
E-business and e-commerce applications involve interconnected business information systems
Applications
Managing information technology emphasizes the quality, strategic business value, and security of an organization’s information systems.
Management
Computer networks are systems of information processing components that use a variety of hardware, software, data management, and telecommunications network technologies
Technology
A ______ is defined as a set of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common set of objectives by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process
system
Systems have three basic functions:
Input, Processing, Output
Developing ways to use information technology in business includes designing the basic components of information systems
Development
involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. For example, raw materials, energy, data, and human effort must be secured and organized for processing.
Input
involves transformation processes that convert input into output. Examples are manufacturing processes, the human breathing process, or mathematical calculations
Processing
involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination. For example, finished products, human services, and management information must be transmitted to their human users.
Output
Example: A manufacturing system accepts raw materials as input and produces finished goods as output. An information system is a system that accepts resources (data) as input and processes them into products (information) as output. A ________ is a system in which human and economic resources are transformed by various business processes into goods and services.
business organization
The system concept becomes even more useful by including two additional elements: _____ and ____. A system with feedback and control functions is sometimes called a________, that is, a self-monitoring, self-regulating system
Feedback and Control, cybernetic system
is data about the performance of a system.
Feedback
For example, data about sales performance are feedback to a sales manager. Data about the speed, altitude, attitude, and direction of an aircraft are feedback to the aircraft’s pilot or autopilot.
Feedback
involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal. The control function then makes the necessary adjustments to a system’s input and processing components to ensure that it produces proper output.
Control
For example, a sales manager exercises control when reassigning salespersons to new sales territories after evaluating feedback about their sales performance. An airline pilot, or the aircraft’s autopilot, makes minute adjustments after evaluating the feedback from the instruments to ensure that the plane is exactly where the pilot wants it to be
Control
Another example is the _______, which can be regarded as a cybernetic system that automatically monitors and adjusts many of its functions, such as temperature, heartbeat, and breathing. A business also has many control activities. For example, computers may monitor and control manufacturing processes, accounting procedures help control financial systems, data entry displays provide control of data entry activities, and sales quotas and sales bonuses attempt to control sales performance.
Human body
A ______ does not exist in a vacuum; rather, it exists and functions in an environment containing other systems.
system
____ include end users and IS specialist
People Resources
People who use an information system or the information it produces.
End- users
End-users also called as _______
Users or clients
They can be customers, salespersons, engineers, clerks, accountants, or managers and are found at all levels of an organization.
End-users
In fact, most of us are information system________. Most end users in business are________, that is, people who spend most of their time communicating and collaborating in teams and workgroups and creating, using, and distributing information
End-users, knowledge workers
are people who develop and operate information systems
IS specialists
