Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

INFORMATION SYSTEMS > Group 3 - Computer-Hardware > Flashcards

Group 3 - Computer-Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Categories of Computer Systems

A
  1. Microcomputer systems
  2. Midrange systems
  3. Mainframe systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples are personal computers, network computers, technical workstations, personal digital assistants, information appliances, etc.

A

Microcomputers systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples are Network servers, minicomputers, Web servers, multiuser systems, etc.

A

Midrange Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples are Enterprise systems, superservers, transaction processors, supercomputers, etc.

A

Mainframe Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Usually called a personal computer or PC
  • Computing power now exceeds that of the mainframes of previous generations
  • Relatively inexpensive
  • Are the networked professional workstations used by business processions
  • Versions include hand-held, notebook, laptop, tablet, desktop, and floor standing.
A

Microcomputer Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the uses of microcomputer?

A
  1. Workstations
  2. Network servers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Supports have mathematical computer and graphics display demands
  • CAD, investment and portfolio analysis
A

Workstations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • More powerful than workstations
  • Coordinates telecommunications and resource sharing
  • Supports small networks and Internet or intranet websites
A

Network Servers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Solid performance at a reasonable price
  • Operating system ready
  • Connectivity
A

Corporate PC Criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Mobile Devices such cellphones having the capabilities of a computer.
  • Mobile users use this to access different apps to help in terms of work.
  • Tons of productivity Apps like email, document editing tools, image capture and editing, video recording, Web browsing.
  • All-in-One Device
A

Smart Phones / Tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Network interface cards or wireless capabilities

A

Connectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Hand-held microcomputer devices
  • Known as Smart Phones / Tablets
A

Information Appliances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Not as powerful as mainframes, Less expensive to buy, operate, and maintain

A

Midrange Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

High-end network servers that handle large-scale processing of business applications

A

Midrange Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Used as front-end servers to assist mainframes with telecommunications and networks

A

Midrange Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Often used to manage:
* Large Internet websites
* Corporate intranets and extranets
* Integrated, enterprise-wide applications

A

Midrange Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Large, fast, powerful computer systems
* Large primary storage capacity
* High transaction processing
* Handles complex computations

A

Mainframe Computer Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Widely used as superservers for…
* Large client/server networks
* High-volume Internet websites

A

Mainframe Computer Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Extremely powerful systems designed for…
* Scientific, engineering, and business applications
* Massive numeric computations

A

Supercomputer Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Becoming a popular computing platform for…
* Data mining and warehousing
* Electronic commerce applications

A

Mainframe Computer Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Markets include…
* Government research agencies
* Large universities
* Major corporations

A

Supercomputer Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Uses parallel processing
  • Billions to trillions of operations per second (gigaflops and teraflops)
  • Costs $5 to $50 million
A

Supercomputer Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A system of hardware devices organized by function

A

Computer System Concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • Keyboards, touch screens, pens, electronic mice, optical scanners
  • Converts data into electronic form for entry into computer system
A

Input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  • CPU subunits: arithmetic-logic and control unit
A

Processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • Video display units, printers, audio response units, and so on
  • Converts electronic information into human-intelligible form
A

Output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • Primary storage (memory)
  • Secondary storage (disk drives)
A

Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CPU controls other components of the system

A

Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Enter data and instructions into the CPU

A

Input Devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Examples of Input Devices

A
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Touch Screen
  • Optical Scanner
  • Voice Recognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Communicate and record Information

A

Output Devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Examples of Output Devices

A
  • Visual Display Unit
  • Printer
  • Audio-Response
  • Physical Control Devices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Interprets Instructions and Directs Processing

A

Control unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Performs Arithmetic Operations and makes comparisons

A

Arithmetic-Logic Unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Store Data and Programs for Processing

A

Secondary Storage Devices

32
Q

Examples of Secondary Storage Devices

A
  • Magnetic Disk
  • Tape Units
  • Optical Disks
33
Q

Has a speed of:
* Milliseconds (thousandths of a second)
* Microseconds (millionths of a second)

A

Early computers

34
Q

Has a speed of:
* Nanoseconds (billionth of a second)
* Picoseconds (trillionth of a second)

A

Current computers

35
Q

Has a speed of:
* Megahertz (millions of cycles per second)
* Gigahertz (billions of cycles per second)
* Commonly called the “clock speed”

A

Program instruction processing speeds

36
Q

The ability to perform useful computation or data processing assignments during a given period

A

Throughput

37
Q

Speed is dependent on?

A
  • Size of circuitry paths (buses) that interconnect
    microprocessor components
  • Capacity of instruction processing registers
  • Use of high-speed cache memory
  • Use of specialized microprocessor, such as math coprocessor
38
Q

A doubling in the number of transistors per integrated circuit every 18 to 24 months, Originally observed in 1965, it holds true today

A

Moore’s Law

39
Q

As of 2019 a processor named ______ holds the highest transistor count which is 39.54 billion.

A

AMD Zen2

40
Q

is a generic name for all input, output, and secondary storage devices
* Parts of the computer system, but not the CPU
* Are all online devices

A

Peripherals

41
Q

Separate from the CPU, but electronically connected to and controlled by it

A

Online devices

42
Q

Separate from and not under the control of the CPU

A

Offline devices

43
Q

typewriter style device which uses buttons and keys

A

Keyboard

44
Q

Icons, menus, windows, buttons, bars; Selected with pointing devices

A

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

45
Q

Most popular pointing device; Pressing mouse buttons initiates activity represented by the icon selected.

A

Mouse

46
Q
  • Use computer by touching screen.
  • Screen emits a grid of infrared beams, sound waves,
    or electric current
A

Touch Screen

47
Q

_____ can be the future of data entry, Easiest, most natural means of human communication

A

Speech

48
Q

how can computer recognizing speech patterns?

A

through the use of algorithms through acoustic and language modeling

49
Q

represents the relationship between linguistics units of speech and audio signals

A

Acoustic modeling

50
Q

matches sounds with word sequences to help distinguish between words that sound similar

A

Language modeling

51
Q

Can be used for:
* In-Car Systems
* Telephony
* Language learning
* Home Automation

A

Speech Recognition Systems

52
Q

Microprocessor chip and memory on credit card

A

Smart Cards

53
Q
  • Allows you to shoot, store, and download photos or full-motion video with audio into the PC
  • Images and audio can then be edited or enhanced
A

Digital Cameras

54
Q

Scans a machine readable code represented by an image consisting of black and white lines. Line refers to
numbers from 0 to 9.

A

Barcode Readers

55
Q

Scans a computer generated pattern capable of holding a modest amount of data.

A

QR Code Readers

56
Q
  • Liquid crystal displays (LCDs), Active matrix and dual scan
  • Organic Light-emitting Diode (OLED)
A

Video Displays / Monitors

57
Q

Examples of Printed Output (2D printing)

A
  1. Inkjet printers
  2. Laser printers
58
Q

it spray ink on a page

A

Inkjet printers

59
Q

it uses an electrostatic process similar to a photocopying machine

A

Laser printers

60
Q

A device that is capable of printing 3- dimensional models from CAD software through an additive process.

A

3D Printer

61
Q

List the Storage Tradeoffs in ascending order

A
  1. Magnetic Tape
  2. Optical Disks
  3. Magnetic Disks
  4. Semiconductor Memory
62
Q

Uses a two-state or binary representation of data
* On or Off
* On represents the number 1
* Off represents the number 0
Data are processed and stored in computer systems through the presence or absence of On/ Off signals

A

Computer Storage Fundamentals

63
Q
  • Short for binary digit
  • Smallest element of data
  • Either zero or one
A

Bit

64
Q
  • Group of eight bits, which operate as a single unit
  • Represents one character or number
A

Byte

65
Q

one thousand bytes

A

Kilobyte (KB)

66
Q

one million bytes

A

Megabyte (MB):

67
Q

one billions bytes

A

Gigabyte (GB)

68
Q

one trillion bytes

A

Terabyte (TB)

69
Q

one quadrillion bytes

A

Petabyte (PB):

70
Q
  • Directly store and retrieve data
  • Each storage position has a unique address and can be accessed in the same length of time
  • Semiconductor memory chips, magnetic disks (Hard Drive)
A

Direct or Random Access

71
Q
  • Data is stored and retrieved sequentially
  • Must be accessed in sequence by searching through prior data
  • Magnetic tape (Credit cards)
A

Sequential Access

72
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Microelectronic semiconductor memory chips that are used for primary storage?

A

*Advantages: small size, fast, shock and temperature resistance
* Disadvantages: volatility; must have uninterrupted electric power or loses memory

73
Q

Enumerate the types of Semiconductor Memory

A
  1. Random Access Memory (RAM)
  2. Read-Only Memory (ROM)
  3. Magnetic Disks
  4. Flash Drives
  5. Solid-State Drive
  6. RAID Storage
  7. Radio Frequency
  8. Identification (RFID)
  9. QR codes
74
Q
  • Most widely used primary storage medium
  • Volatile memory
  • Read/write memory
A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

75
Q
  • Permanent storage
  • Can be read, but not overwritten
  • Frequently used programs burnt into chips during manufacturing process
  • Called firmware
A

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

76
Q

Used for secondary storage
* Fast access and high capacity
* Reasonable cost

A

Magnetic Disks

77
Q
  • Magnetic disk, access arms, and read/write heads in sealed module for stable environment
  • Fixed or removable
  • Capacity from several hundred MBs to hundreds of GBs
A

Hard Disk Drives (hard drives)

78
Q

Sometimes referred to as a thumb drive.

  • Uses a small chips containing thousands of transistors
  • Can store data for virtually
    unlimited periods without power
  • Easily transported and highly durable
  • Storage capacity of up to 2TB (Kingston Data Traveler Ultimate GT)
  • Plugs into any USB port
    (Newer models uses USB 3.0)
A

Flash Drives

79
Q

Uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data
persistently. Uses flash memory.
* Can store data for virtually
unlimited periods without power
* Easily transported and highly durable
* Storage capacity of up to 1TB (Samsung EVO 860 2.5”)
* Plugs into a PCI-Express Slot

A

Solid-State Drive

80
Q
  • Disk arrays of hard disk drives.
  • Combines from 6 to more than 100 small hard disk drives into a single unit.
  • Data are accessed in parallel over multiple paths from many disks.
  • Redundant storage of data on several disks provides fault-tolerant capacity.
A

RAID Storage

81
Q

One of the newest and fastest growing storage technologies
* System for tagging and identifying mobile objects
* Used with store merchandise, postal packages, casino chips, pets
* Special reader allows objects to be tracked as they move from place to place
* Chips half the size of a grain of sand

Passive chips derive power from reader signal
*Active chips are self-powered

A

Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID)

82
Q
  • Scans from greater distance
  • Can store data
  • Allows more information to be tracked

Privacy concerns
* Invisible nature of the system
* Capacity to transmit fairly sophisticated messages

A

RFID

83
Q

Quick Response Code
* Type of barcode that contain a matrix of dots
* It can be scanned using a QR scanner or smartphone with camera.
* Allows more information to be stored.

Uses – mainly Advertising
* URLs
* Website login
* Video games
* Loyalty programs / promos

A

QR codes

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions