group psychology

Question 1

explain the difference between social interaction and social action

Answer 1

social interaction = effects that multiple individuals all have on each other
social action = effects of a group on an individuals behavior

Question 2

__________ is the tendency that people tend to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others

Answer 2

social facilitation

Question 2

explain the yerkes dodson law of social facilitation

Answer 2

being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal, which enhances the ability ot perform tasks one is already good at (simple tasks) and hinders the performance of less familiar tasks (complex tasks)

Question 3

________ describes the loss of ones self awareness in a group setting and the associated adoption of a more group oriented identity

Answer 3

deindividualization

Question 4

__________ is a behavior not socially accetable in most social circumstances

Answer 4

antinormative behavior

*violence seen in crowds and riots

Question 5

explain the bystander effect

Answer 5

individuals do not intervene to assit those who are in perceived need when other people are present

Question 6

how does a group setting effect the help given to an individual?

Answer 6

people are less likely to notice danger or anything out of the ordinary in large groups

*if other people are not responding to a situation, an individual is less likely o perceive the situation as a threat

Question 7

how does the degree of emergency effect the help given to an individual?

Answer 7

low danger = bystanders are less likely ro provide aid

high danger = bystanders are more likely to intervene

Question 8

how does the degree of responsibility felt by the bystander effect the help given to an individual?

Answer 8

this is determined by the competency of the bystander, their relationship to the at risk individual, and whether they consider the person at risk to be deserving of aid

Question 9

__________ refers to the tendency of individuals to reduce effort when in a group setting

Answer 9

social loafing

Question 10

chnages in beliefs or behaviors due to peer pressure can be explained by the _________

Answer 10

identity shift effect

Question 11

T / F - when an individuals state of harmony is disrupted by the threat of social rejection, the individual will often conform to the norms of the group

Answer 11

true

Question 12

__________ is the simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts or opinions

Answer 12

cognitive dissonance

Question 13

____________ describes the tendency for groups to collaboratively make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of members within the group

Answer 13

group polarization

Question 14

explain the differnce between risky shift and choice shift

Answer 14

risky = initial ideas tend not to be extreme but that through discussion within the group, these ideas tend to become more and more extreme

choice = groups could shift toward caution, measured changes in decisions before and after group interaction

Question 15

________ refers to a social phenomenon in which desire for harmony results in a group of people coming to an incorrect decision

Answer 15

groupthink

Question 16

Irving Janis’s eight factors of groupthink

Answer 16

1. illusion of invulnerability
2. collective rationalization
3. illusion of morality
4. excessive stereotyping
5. pressyre for conformity
6. self censorship
7. illusion of ananimity
8. mindguards

Question 17

_________ is when members encourage risks and ignore possible pitfalls and are too optimistic

Answer 17

illusion of invulnerability

*we are invincible!!!

Question 18

__________ is when members ignore expressed concerns about group approved ideas

Answer 18

collective rationalization

*we all collectively agree that red flags are rational

Question 19

__________ is when members believe ideas produced by the group are morality and ethically correct, disregarding evidence to the contrary

Answer 19

illusion of morality

Question 20

__________ is when members construct stereotypes of those expressing outside opinions

Answer 20

excessive stereotyping

Question 21

__________ is when members fell pressure not to express opinions that disagree with the group and view opposition as disloyal

Answer 21

pressure for conformity

Question 22

__________ is when members withold ideas and opinions that disagree with the group

Answer 22

self censorship

Question 23

__________ is when members believe the decisions and judgements of the group to be without disagreement

Answer 23

illusion of unanimity

Question 24

__________ is when members take on a role protecting the group against opposing view

Answer 24

mindguards

Question 25

__________ refers to a shared intense concern about the threats to society

Answer 25

mass hysteria

Question 26

___________ is the process by which an individuals or groups behavior and culture begin to resemble that of another group

Answer 26

cultural assimilation

*assimilation integrates new aspects of a society and culture with old ones, transforming the culture itself

Question 27

assimilation can be slowed by the creation of ______ which are locations with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity

Answer 27

ethnic enclaves

Question 28

_________ refers to commonuties or societies containing multiple cultures or ethnic groups that encourages, respects, and celebrates cultural differences

Answer 28

multiculturalism

Question 29

___________ refers to a group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong

Answer 29

subculture

Question 30

____________ is a subculture group that gravitates toward an identity that is at odds with the majority culture and deliberately opposes the prevailing social norms

Answer 30

counterculture