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MCAT - behavioral sciences > social behavior > Flashcards

social behavior Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

what are some factors that effect attraction?

A

similarity
self disclosure
reciprocity
proximity

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2
Q

what is the golden ratio?

A

1.618 : 1

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3
Q

__________ is sharing ones fears, thoughts, and goals with another persona nd being met with nonjudgmental empathy

A

self disclosure

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4
Q

__________ is when people like others better when they believe the other person likes them

A

reciprocal liking

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5
Q

T / F - proximity plays a factor in our attraction to them

A

true

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6
Q

what is the mere exposure effect?

A

tendency for people to prefer simuli that they have been exposed to more frequently

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7
Q

_______ is a part of the brain responsible for associating stimuli and their corresponding rewards or punishments

A

amygdala

*whether somethig is a threat or not

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8
Q

T / F - if the amygdala is activated, this decreases aggression

A

false, this increases aggression

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9
Q

how does the prefrontal cortex affect aggression?

A

the prefrontal cortex can hit the brakes on a revved up amygdala, reducing emotional reactivity and impulsiveness

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10
Q

higher levels of _________ have been linked to more aggressive behavior in both males and females

A

testosterone

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11
Q

explain the cognitive neoassociation model

A

we are more likely to respond to others aggressively when we are feeling negative emotions (sick, tired, frustrate, or in pain)

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12
Q

mary ainsworth theorized that infants need a secure base for how long at the beginning of life?

A

6 months to 2 years

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13
Q

four main types of attachment styles?

A
  1. secure
  2. avoidant
  3. ambivalent
  4. disorganized
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14
Q

________ attachment is seen whena child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore, knowing that he/she has a secure base to return to

A

secure

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15
Q

how does a secure atachment affect the depature / return of a caregiver?

A

departure = very upset
return = relieved, comforted

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16
Q

_____________ attachments results when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child

A

avoidant

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17
Q

how does an avoidant atachment affect the depature / return of a caregiver?

A

the child shows little to no stress / relief during departure / arrival

18
Q

_________ attachment occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child distress

A

ambivalent

19
Q

how does an ambivalent atachment affect the depature / return of a caregiver?

A

departure = very distressed
return = mixed response

20
Q

_________ attachment show no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregivers presence / absence

A

disorganized

21
Q

__________ is the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

A

social support

22
Q

_______ support is listening, affirming, and empathizing with someones feelings

A

emotional

23
Q

_______ support focuses directly on affirming the qualitities and skills of a person

A

esteem

24
Q

_______ support is any type of dinancial or material contribution to another person

A

material

25
Q

_______ support is providing information that will help somone

A

informational

26
Q

_______ support gives a person a sense of belonging

A

network

27
Q

_________ is an exclusive mating relationship

A

monogamy

28
Q

__________ means having exclusive relationships with multiple partners

A

polygamy

29
Q

what is the different of polygyny and polyandry?

A

both forms of polygamy

polygyny = mutiple females
polyandry = multiple males

30
Q

__________ refers to a member mating with others without exclusivity

A

promiscuity

31
Q

___________ is the selection of a matre based on attraction

A

mate choice

32
Q

________ refers to how choosy members of the species are while choosing a mate

A

mate bias

33
Q

explain the difference between direct and indirect benefits

A

direct = providing material advantage, protection, or emotional support
indirect = promoting better survival in offspring

34
Q

what are the five recognized mechanisms of mate choice?

A
  1. phenotypic benefits = observable traits that make a mate more attractive
    *increased production / survival of offspring
  2. sensory bias = development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population
  3. fisherian selection = positive feedback mechanism in whih a particular trait that has no effect or a negative effect on survival becomes more and more exaggerated over time
    *peacock plumage
  4. indicator traits = trits that signify overall good health and well being of an organism
    *coat health
  5. genetic compatability = creation of mate pairs that have complementary genetics
    *reduces the probability of offspring being homozygotic for a disease carrying allele
35
Q

___________ is a form of helping behavior in which the individuals intent is to benefit another at some cost to the self

A

altruism

36
Q

explain the empathy-altruism hypothesis

A

one individual helps another person when they feel empathy for the other person, regardless of the cost

37
Q

game theory attempts to explain _______

A

decision making behavior

38
Q

explain the impact on the donor / recipient in each of these scenarios:

altruism
spite
cooperation
selfishness

A

altruism
donor = cost (-)
recipient = benefit (+)

spite
donor = negative impact (-)
recipient = negative impact (-)

cooperation
donor = benefit (+)
recipient = benefit (+)

selfishness
donor = benefit (+)
recipient = negatively impact (-)

39
Q

what is inclusive fitness?

A

measure of an organisms success in the population

based on:
1. number of offspring
2. success in supporting offspring
3. ability of the offspring to support others

40
Q
A

MCAT - behavioral sciences (38 decks)

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