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MCAT - behavioral sciences > personality > Flashcards

personality Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

_________ consists of the basic, primal, inborn urges to survive and reproduce

A

id

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2
Q

the id functions according to the _________ principle

A

pleasure

*aim is to achieve immediate gratification to relieve any pent up tension

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3
Q

___________ is the id’s response to frustration based on the pleasure principle

A

primary process

*obtain satisfaction now, not later

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4
Q

__________ can be understood as the orgaizer of the mind

A

ego

*decision maker

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5
Q

the ego operates according to the ____________ principle

A

reality

*taking into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits the activity of the id and the id’s pleasure principle

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6
Q

_______________ is the personality’s perfectionist, judging our actions and responding with pride at our accomplishments and guilt at our failures

A

superego

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7
Q

__________ is a colelction os the improper actions for which a child is punished, ___________ consists of proper actions for which a child is reward

A

punished = conscience
rewarded = ego-ideal

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8
Q

life instincts = ?
death instincts = ?

A

life = eros (survival)
death = thanatos (wish for death / destruction)

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9
Q

the egos recourse for relieving anxiety caused by the clash of the id and superego is through ________

A

defense mechanisms

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10
Q

eight main defense mechanisms?

A
  1. repression
  2. suppresions
  3. regression
  4. reaction formation
  5. projection
  6. rationalization
  7. displacement
  8. sublimation
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11
Q

___________ is the egos way of forcing undesired thoughts and urges to the inconscious

A

repression

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12
Q

_____________ is the egos more conscious form of forgetting

A

supression

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13
Q

__________ is reversion to an earlier developmental stage

A

regression

*stress = suck thumb

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14
Q

__________ occurs when an individual suppresses urges by unconsciously converting these urges to their exact opposite

A

reaction formation

*loves female celeb, but can never have her = hate for celeb

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15
Q

___________ is when individuals attribute their undesired feelings to other

A

projection

*i hate my parents turns into my parents hate me

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16
Q

____________ is the justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society

A

rationalization

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17
Q

__________ describes the transference of undesired urge from one person to another

A

displacement

*angry at boss = yelling at spouse

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18
Q

__________ is the transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

A

sublimation

*pent up sexual urges = drive for business success

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19
Q

__________ is a jungian archetype that is the part of our personality that we present to the world

A

persona

*the person i show the world

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20
Q

__________ is a jungian archetype that describes the “man’s inner woman”

A

anima

*men watch anime to feel like women

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21
Q

__________ is a jungian archetype that describes the “woman’s inner man”

A

animus

*us = women

22
Q

__________ is a jungian archetype that is responsible for the appearance of unpleasant thoughts, feelings, and actions experienced in the unconscious mind

A

shadow

23
Q

____________ is the point of intersection between the collective and personal unconscious

A

self

personal unconscious = thoughts to which we have conscious access

collective unconscious = considered to be a residue to the experiences of our early ancestors

24
Q

jung’s three dichotomies of personality

A
  1. extraversion vs introversion
  2. sensing vs intuiting
  3. thinking vs feeling
25
Q

_____________ is an individuals sense of incompleteness, inperfection, and inferiority both physically and socially

A

inferiority complex

26
Q

___________ is the force by which each individual shapes their uniqueness and establishes their personality

A

creative self

27
Q

___________ represents the manifestation of the creative self and describes a persons unique way of schieving superiority

A

style of life

28
Q

what is fictional finalism proposed by adler?

A

notion that an individual is motictaed more by his expectations of the future than by past experiences

*life would be perfect if only …

29
Q

karen horney explained that inadequate parenting can cause vulnerability and helplessness = ___________

A

basic anxiety

30
Q

karen horney explained that neglect and rejection can cause anger = ___________

A

basic hostility

31
Q

what is gestalt therapy?

A

holistic view of the self, seeing each individual as a complete person rather thanr educing them to individual behaviors or drivers

32
Q

explain kurt lewins force field therapy

A

focusing on the situations in the persent

  • assisting in our attainment of goals
  • blocking our attainment of goals

*LEWIS in a force field of the present

33
Q

T / F - according to Kurt Lewins, self actualized people are less likely than people who are not self actualized to have peak experiences

A

false, according to Maslow, self actualized people are more likely than people who are not self actualized to have peak experiences

peak experiences = deeply moving experiences in a persons life that have important and lasting effects

34
Q

____________ is a theory from george kelly that thought of the individual as a scientist, a person who devises and tests predictions about the behavior of significant people in his / her life

A

personal construct theory

*KELLY (killing) = predicts troublesome events

35
Q

what is the purpose of person centered therapy created by carl rogers?

A

helps the client reflect on problems, make choice, generate solutions, take positive action, and determine their own destiny

36
Q

____________ is a therapeutic technique by whcih the therapist accepts the client completely and expresses empathy in order to promote a positive therapeutic environment

A

unconditional positive regard

37
Q

______________ personalities are characterized by behavior that tends to be competitive and compulsive

A

type A

38
Q

__________ personalities are generally laid back and relaxed

A

type B

39
Q

T / F - type A personalities are more prone to heart disease than those with type B

A

true

40
Q

explain the three traits of the Eysencks PEN model

A

P = Psychoticism, nonconformity / social deviance
E = Extraversion, tolerance for social interation / stimulation
N = Neuroticism, emotional arousal in stressful situation

41
Q

list and explain the Big Five

A

Big Five = OCEAN

O = Openness, willingness to engage with the world
C = Conscientiousness, self control
E = Extraverson, tolerance for social interation / stimulation
A = Agreeableness, concered about the peace and harmony in their interactions
N = Neuroticism, emotional arousal in stressful situation

42
Q

gordon allport created three basic types of traits, what are they?

A
  1. cardinal
  2. central
  3. secondary
43
Q

__________ traits around which a person organizes their life

A

cardinal

*cardinals are red and demand attention

44
Q

__________ traits represent major characteristics of the personality that are easy to infer

A

central

*central because they are at the center of my life

45
Q

__________ traits are other personal characteristics that are more limited in occurrence (may appear in groups)

A

secondary

*may come out if there is a second person in the room

46
Q

__________ is a behavior that continues despite satisfaction of the drive that originally created the behavior

A

functional autonomy

*hunter, originally for food, eventually for enjoyment

47
Q

describe a person who has a high N-Ach

A

high need for achievement

concerned with achievement and have pride in their accomplishments

avoids high risk (to avoid failing) and low risks (easy task does not generate a sense of achievement)

set realistic goals

48
Q

explain the difference between a behaviorists perspective of personality and a social cognitive perspective

A

behaviorists = based heavily on the concepts of operant conditioning (therapy = based on changing behaviors through operant conditioning)

social cognitive = focusing on how our environment influences our behavior and how we interact with the environment

49
Q

_________ refers to the idea that our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and environment all interact with each other to determine our actions in a given situation

A

reciprocal determinism

*people choose environments that suit their personalities

50
Q

__________ approach = behavior is determined by a individuals personality
__________ approach = behavior is determined by the environment / context

A

dispositional approach = behavior is determined by a individuals personality
situational approach = behavior is determined by the environment / context

51
Q
A

MCAT - behavioral sciences (38 decks)

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