gts

Question 1

is a record that depicts Earth’s history and at the same time the order of life from 4.6 billion years ago to the present

Answer 1

geologic time scale

Question 2

is known as a radioactive isotope of carbon, and can be used to date events on the process known as radiocarbon dating.

Answer 2

carbon-14 (dating)

Question 3

the half-life of carbon-14

Answer 3

5,730 years

Question 4

is a basic unit of geological time during which a specific kind of rock system is produced

Answer 4

period

Question 5

when “periods” are compacted together according to their characteristics, marked by major changes in the fossil record

Answer 5

era

Question 6

shortest subdivision; marked by differences in life forms and can vary from continent to continent

Answer 6

epoch

Question 7

when “eras” are grouped together, this will create the longest geologic subdivision marked by differences in life forms and can vary from continent to continent

Answer 7

eon

Question 8

GTS subdivision according from longest to shortest

Answer 8

eon, era, period, epoch

Question 9

more than 85% of earth’s history falls uner this supereon, from 4.6 billion years ago to 540 million years ago

Answer 9

precambrian eon

Question 10

eon when the solidification of the earth’s continental and oceanic crust occurred

Answer 10

hadean eon (4.6-4 billion years ago)

Question 11

this eon is when the first evolution of earth’s first life forms begun

Answer 11

archean eon (4-2.5billion years ago)

Question 12

this eon when the appearance of multi-celled animals and the gathering of land masses to form continents

Answer 12

proterozoic eon (2.5-541million years ago)

Question 13

eras involved in the phanerozoic eon

Answer 13

paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic eras

Question 14

the most recent era during the phanerozoic era and marks the age of mammals and the first human evolution

Answer 14

cenozoic era (66million years ago-now)

Question 15

this era marks the beginning of dinosaurs, mammals, birds, and plants due to mass extinctions

Answer 15

mesozoic era (252million years ago)

Question 16

this era where the explosion of diverse marine life and the largest mass extinction of marine organisms

Answer 16

paleozoic era (541million years ago)

Question 17

period where marine life flourished, major groups of invertebrates appeared (trilobites), protective shells and exoskeleton organisms

Answer 17

paleozoic era, cambrian period

Question 18

period when sea stars and nautiloids existed, coral reefs, and singes, first land plants appeared

Answer 18

paleozoic era, ordovician period

Question 19

the first mass extinction in this period where 80% of species in the shallow seas became extinct, the cause of the cooling of the earth and sea levels dropped due to glaciers

Answer 19

ordovician period (paleozoic era)

Question 20

this period where large coral reefs appeared, evolution in the jawless fished that lived in brackish water, first animals on land such as scorpions and millipede-like animals, the first vascular plants (cooksonia)

Answer 20

silurian period, paleozoic era

Question 21

period where sharks became common, first lobe-finned fish evolved, proto-amphibians vertebrates inhabited the land, first trees and forests were present, ferns and seed-producing plants such as the archaeopteris

Answer 21

devonian period, paleozoic era

Question 22

this period where, reptiles first appeared, first land snails and insects with wings appeared, carbon was abundant, first conifers

Answer 22

carboniferous period, paleozoic era

Question 23

period where pangaea now existed, swamps dried up, reptiles diversified, precursors to mammals evolved, anthracosaurus give rise to captorhinomorphs that gave rise to the synapsids,

Answer 23

permian period, paleozoic era

Question 24

second and the largest mass extinction on the planet which ended 96% of all the species due to volcanic eruptions

Answer 24

permian period, paleozoic era

Question 25

the meaning of the era is ‘middle life’ and the time of the dinosaurs

Answer 25

mesozoic era, phanerozoic eon

Question 26

period where the dominant land animals were reptiles, first dinosaurs, marine reptiles, lizards and tortoises appeared, crocodiles were abundant and insects attained complete metamorphosis

Answer 26

triassic period, mesozoic era

Question 27

examples of dinosaurs in the triassic period

Answer 27

plateosaurus, coelphysis, eoraptor

Question 28

period where giant plant eating dinosaurs roamed, “age of dinosaurs”, flying reptiles and first birds appeared, conifers are the most diverse large trees, sometimes called as the “age of cycads”

Answer 28

jurassic period, mesozoic era

Question 29

examples of dinosaurs during the jurassic period

Answer 29

stegosaurus, allosaurus, ceratosaurus, brachiosaurus

Question 30

period where birds, ants, termites, bees, butterflies, aphids, and grasshoppers diversified, archaefructus plant diversification of the first flowering plant

Answer 30

cretaceous period, mesozoic era

Question 31

the third mass extinction where the 80% of the species and the last of the dinosaurs were wiped out, also known as the K/T (Cretacious-Tertiary) extinction

Answer 31

cretacious period, mesozoic era

Question 32

era that means ‘recent life’, this era are even split into smaller parts known as epoch

Answer 32

cenozoic era, phanerozoic eon

Question 33

epoch where first rodents, armadillos, primitive primates and ancestors to modern mammals appeared, first pines, cacti and palm trees emerged

Answer 33

paleocene epoch, paleogene period, cenozoic era

Question 34

fourth mass extinction where there is a sudden global warming due to the increase of CO2 and CH4 into the oceans and atmosphere

Answer 34

paleocene epoch, paleogene period, cenozoic era

Question 35

epoch where the first whales, bats, primitive elephants, and hoofed animals appeared, first horse-like appeared as the size of dogs and the appearance of penguins, pelicans, ducks and gulls

Answer 35

eocene epoch, paleogene period, cenozoic era

Question 36

fifth mass extinction where several extraterrestrial objects striked the earth

Answer 36

eocene epoch, paleogene period, cenozoic era

Question 37

epoch where grasslands appeared, huge hornless rhinoceros appeared from Asia, horses increased in size, early forms of monkeys, pigs, dogs, cats and camels appeared

Answer 37

oligocene epoch, paleogene period, cenozoic era

Question 38

epoch where migration is common among continents for mammals, abundance and diversity of mammals is at its highest, and the first appearance of the anthropoid apes, megalodon appeared, lesser apes or hylobatids of small apes and the expansion grasslands and kelp forests in the oceans

Answer 38

miocene epoch, neogene period, cenozoic era

Question 39

epoch where modern horses evolved, early hominids in africa evolved into different species with it leading to the present day as modern humans

Answer 39

pliocene epoch, neogene period, cenozoic era

Question 40

epoch where the saber tooth, mammoths and giant ground sloths, and the spread of modern humans across the world

Answer 40

pleistocene epoch, quaternary period, cenozoic era