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g12 1st sem > bio > Flashcards

bio Flashcards

1
Q

The artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules in order to modify an organism or population of organisms.

A

genetic engineering

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2
Q

nitrogenous base pairing of DNA

A

Adenine-Thymine
Guanine-Cytosine

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3
Q

father of genetic engineering

A

Paul Berg

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4
Q

He made significant contributions to the field of molecular biology and genetic engineering. His major achievements
include: Recombinant DNA Technology, Gene splicing and in
the field of Biochemical research

A

Paul Berg

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5
Q

infected mouse embryos
with SV40 virus and
showed that the viral DNA
was integrated in the germ line in 1974

A

Rudolph Jaenisch
and Beatrice Mintz

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6
Q

where did SV40 virus originate from

A

monkeys

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7
Q

first genetically modified animal

A

mouse

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8
Q

first transgenic plant

A

tobacco

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9
Q

worked on the first transgenic plant in the 1980s

A

Richard B. Flavell, Mary-Dell Chilton, and Elliot Meyerowitz

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10
Q

a company that successfully produced synthetic human insulin using recombinant
DNA technology in 1978

A

Genentech

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11
Q

a biotechnology company that developed Flavr Savr

A

Calgene

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12
Q

first commercially available transgenic plant

A

Flavr Savr Tomato

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13
Q

techniques in genetic engineering

A

Introduction of new traits into an organism.

Enhancement of a present trait by disrupting the inhibition of desired gene’s
expression

Enhancement of a present trait by increasing the expression of the desired
gene

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14
Q

tools used in genetic engineering

A

Restriction Endonuclease (RE)
Gene Library
Vector
Host Cells

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15
Q

refer to the various methods and technologies used to
introduce foreign genetic
material (DNA or RNA)
into cells,

A

gene transfer method

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

gene transfer methods in prokaryotes

A

transfromation
transduction

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18
Q

gene transfer methods in eukaryotes

A

electroporation
transfection
biolistics “gene gun”
microinjection

19
Q

Plants that have been
genetically engineered

A

transgenic plant

20
Q

A genetically manipulated animal whose genome has been altered by the
transfer of a gene

A

transgenic animal

21
Q

A protein produced by bacteria that
cleaves DNA at specific sites along
the molecule

A

restriction endonuclease (RE)

22
Q

is a collection of gene clones that represents the genetic material of an organism

A

gene library

23
Q

play a crucial role in genetic engineering by serving as carriers for the
transfer of genetic
material

A

vector

24
Q

is a living cell, typically a microorganism or a eukaryotic cell, that is used to carry and
replicate foreign
genetic material
introduced

A

host cell

25
Q

It refers to the process of
introducing foreign genetic material, often in
the form of DNA, into an
organism’s cells in order
to alter its genetic
makeup.

A

transformation

26
Q

A process by which
DNA is transferred
from one bacterium
to another by a
virus

A

transduction

27
Q

It refers to the use
of high-voltage
electric shocks to
introduce DNA into
cells

A

electroporation

28
Q

is a process by which
foreign nucleic
acids are delivered
into a eukaryotic
cell to modify the
host cell’s genetic
makeup

A

transfection

29
Q

It is a device used to transfect cells with foreign DNA by bombarding the target cells with DNA-coated microparticles

A

biolistics “gene gun”

30
Q

is a method that allows DNA to literally be directly injected into the nucleus of a cell

A

microinjection

31
Q

commercially available insulin

A

humulin

32
Q

termed as bacteria division

A

binary fission

33
Q

pros of genetic engineering

A

improved crop yield
disease resistant
medical advances
research tool
environmental benefits

34
Q

cons of genetic engineering

A

ethical concern
fertility
tumor, cancer
mortality

35
Q

a field within the applied ethics that explores the ethical, moral and philosophical issues related to biology

A

bioethics

36
Q

is a plant, animal or microbe in which one or
more changes have been made to the genome

A

GMO

37
Q

purpose as to why plants are modified

A

Herbicide Resistant
Pesticide Resistant
Insect Resistant
Drought tolerant
Extreme temperature tolerant
Have added nutrients, such as vitamins and
minerals

38
Q

how are herbicide plants accomplished

A

inserting gene 5’-enolpyruvylshekimate-3’
phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from Agrobacterium
tumefaciens

39
Q

how are insecticide plants accomplished

A

identifying and isolating a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis that produces a toxin
called Cry

40
Q

how is the biosynthesis of beta-carotene accomplished

A

inserting phytoene
synthase (psy) from daffodils and phytoene desaturase gene from the bacteria Erwinia uredovorainto

41
Q

applications of GMO animals

A

Biomedical Research
Agriculture
Conservation
Biotechnology and Industry
Scientific Research
Drug Testing

42
Q

applications of GMO microbes

A

Biotechnology and Industry
Medicine
Environmental Remediation
Agriculture
Biocontrol and Pest Management

43
Q

amino acid that can be used as a plant growth regulator

A

glyphosate

g12 1st sem (24 decks)

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