GTS Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
In Ga
- Hadean
- Archean
- Proterozoic
- Phanerozoic
A
- 4.5 - 3.85 Ga
- 3.85 - 2.5 Ga
- 2.5 - 1.0 Ga
- 0.542 - present Ga
or
542 Ma to present
2
Q
In Ma
- Cambrian
- Ordovician
- Silurian
- Devonian
- Carboniferous
- Permian
- Triassic
- Jurassic
- Cretaceous
- Paleogene
- Neogene
- Quaternary
A
- 542- 488 Ma
- 488 - 444 Ma
- 444 - 416 Ma
- 416 - 359 Ma
- 359 - 299 Ma
- 299 - 251 Ma
- 251 - 201.6 Ma
- 201.6 - 145.5 Ma
- 145.5 - 65.5 Ma
- 66.5 - 23 Ma
- 23 - 2.6 Ma
- 2.6 - present
3
Q
In Ga
Divisions of Archean
A
Eoarchean (3.85 - 3.6 Ga)
Paleoarchean (3.6 - 3.2 Ga)
Mesoarchean (3.2 - 2.8 Ga)
Neoarchean (2.8 - 2.5 Ga)
4
Q
In Ga/Ma
Divisions of Proterozoic
A
Paleoproterozoic (2.5 - 1.6 Ga)
Mesoproterozoic (1.6 - 1 Ga)
Neoproterozoic (1 - 542 Ma)
5
Q
Age of Invertebrate
A
Cambrian
6
Q
Age of Fishes
A
Devonian
7
Q
Age of Plants
A
Carboniferous
8
Q
Golden Age of Trilobites
A
Cambrian
9
Q
Age of Orogeny
A
Devonian
10
Q
Age of Cycads
A
Triassic
11
Q
Age of Dinosaur
A
Jurassic
12
Q
Age of Reptiles
A
Mesozoic
13
Q
Age of Mammals
A
Cenozoic
14
Q
Age of Acasta Gneiss
A
4.03 Ga
15
Q
Age of Zircon in Jack Hills, W. AU
A
4.4
16
Q
Appearance of Acritarch
A
Mesoarchean
17
Q
Chemical evidence of life in Greenland
A
Greenland Stromatolite
18
Q
Events in Mesoarchean
*fossil
~supercontinent formation
^orogeny
A
Acritarch appearance
~Ur
19
Q
Events in Eoarchean
A
- Algoma formation
- Vaalbara formation
- Greenland Stromatolite
20
Q
Event in Paleoarchean
A
Archean Stromatolite
-Hamelin Pool, Shark’s bay, W. AU
21
Q
Events in Neoarchean
*fossil
~supercontinent formation
^orogeny
A
~Kenorland
Vaalbara break up
22
Q
First glaciation in the Earth’s history
A
Huronian Glaciation
23
Q
Events in Paleoproterozoic
*fossil
~supercontinent formation
^orogeny
A
Huronian Glaciation *Grypania Vredefort Crater Sudbury Crater ~Columbia or Nuna or Hudsonland
24
Q
Events in Mesoproterozoic
*fossil
~supercontinent formation
^orogeny
A
^Grenville ~Pannotia ~Rodinia Mirovia (Super Ocean) *Bangiomorpha
25
Events in Neoproterozoic
*fossil
~supercontinent formation
^orogeny
Cryogenian Ice Age/Variangian Glaciation
~Pannotia
*Ediacaran Fauna
Iapetus Ocean
26
Six Paleozoic contient form the break-up of Panotia
1. Gondwana –
S. America, Africa, Florida, AQ, AU, IN
2. Laurentia –
N America, GL, Scotland, E. RU
3. Baltica –
RU, Scandinavian, PL, N. DE
4. Siberia –
RU, Asia
5. Kazakhstania
6. China –
All of SE Asia, Indochina, TH, MY
27
First appearance of:
Trilobites, jawlessfishes, benthic (Ostracoderms)
Forams, octopus, clams, snails, mollusks,
archaeocyathids-first reef builders,
Brachiopods, gastropods, echinoderms, ostracods,
conodonts, algae, graptolites
Cambrian
28
First Reef Builders
Archeocyatids
29
First Eukaryotes
Bangiomorpha
30
oldest known megafossil in Negaunee Iron Formation in Michigan
Grypania
31
oldest and largest ice age (Snowball Earth pt. 1)
Huronian Glaciation
32
First orogeny to affect the Appalachian Mobile Belt
Taconic Orogeny
33
First appearance of :
1. Nautiloids - Dominant predators
2. Fungi appeared on Land
3. First Non-vascular plants (Moss)
4. Eureotyrids (Sea Scorpions)
Ordovician
34
- 2nd largest mass extinction
- 85% casualty on all marine and land species
- 60% of Marine invertebrates died
- Causes: Gondwana move southwards resulting to extensive glaciation and Sea level Fall
Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction
| Hirtnanian-Rhuddanian Mass Extinction
35
First apperances:
1. First wingless insects
2. First ammonites
3. First Amphibian
4. First sharks
Devonian
36
First appearance of Lycopsids, Conifers, Cycads,
| First Forest
Carboniferous
37
First Appearances
1. Planktonic Forams
2. First birds
3. Flying reptiles
Jurassic
38
First appearance of Crocodile
Cretaceous
39
First Apperance:
1. Frogs, Turtle, Snakes
2. Archosaurs -
3. Mammals (Family of Roden),
4. Scheractinian, Plerosuars
5. Cocoliths and Dinoflagellates
6. Sea Urchins (Arkarua)
Triassic
40
First Appearances
1 Marsupials
2 Diatoms
3 Angiosperms
Cretaceous
41
First appearances
1. Eohippus or Hyracotherium (Horse)
2. Bats, Whales, Elephants, Penguins
eocene
42
First appearances
- Dog, Antelope, Bear, Giraffe, Deer, Megalodons
- First raccoons appear
- Forests give way to grasslands
Miocene
43
Diversification of Ammonites
Triassic
44
Period of Pollenation
Triassic
45
Oldest known amphibian fossil
Ichthyostega
46
Earliest tetrapod
Tiktaalik Rosae
47
Diversification of Plants
Devonian
48
evolved from protothyrids
Finback Reptiles
or
Pelycosaurs
49
Diversification of Acritarch
Ordovician
50
oldest known reptile
Westlothiana
51
Ice Age land bering bridge
Pleistocene
52
Dawn of Life
Eocene
53
Abundance of Cephalopods
Ordovician
54
Baikal Rift, Red Sea
Oligocene
55
Closing of Tethys
Eocene
56
Rifting of India
Jurassic
57
Break-up of Pangea
a. When
b. Landmass composition
A, Triassic
B. - Gondwana
S. America, Africa, IN, AQ, AU
- Laurasia
(N. America and Eurasia)
58
- mountain building in western North America
- following the Late Devonian Antler orogeny
- named by Silberling and Roberts
Sonoma Orogeny
59
- Marine genera observed extinction: 53%
- Calculated marine species extinct: 80%
- Extinction of Conodonts
- No clear cause has been found
Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction
60
Largest Mass Extinction
- Elimination of over 95% of marine and 70% of terrestrial species.
- Extinction of Trilobites, eurypterids, acanthodians, blastoids
Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction
61
Period of Siberian Traps
Permian
62
Enormous ocean surrounding Pangea
Panthalassa
63
Cause of the Great Dying
Cause:
1. Bolide impact events
2. Increased Volcanism
3. Sudden release of methane from seafloor
4. Sea level change
5. Increase anoxia
6. increasing aridity
64
- 5th largest mass extinction
- 80% of all living species , primarily the marine community have been wiped out.
- Extinction of cooksonia, tribulate corals, stromatoporoids, ostracoderms, and placoderm
Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) Mass Extinction
65
La Garita Caldera
- San Andreas Fault
- Circum Pacific belt
- Early Antarctic Glaciation
Oligocene
66
African-Arabian plate joined to Asia
Miocene
67
Mammoth
Pliocene
68
ndia meets Asia forming the Himalayas
Eocene
69
Deccan Traps and Rocky Moutains formation
Paleocene
70
```
76% of all species lost
-Extinction of Dinosaurs and ammonites
-Possible Cause: Meteorite Impact
Evidence: Iridium Layer (KPg Boundary)
Chicxulub Crater - (150 km) Yucatán Peninsula in Mexic
```
K-T Mass Extinction
71
Formation of Atlantic Ocean
Cretaceous
72
Orogeny in Ordovician
Taconic Orogeny
73
Orogeny in Mesoproterozoic
Grenville Orogeny
74
Orogeny in Silurian
Caledonian Orogeny
75
Orogeny in Triassic
Sonoma Orogeny
76
Orogeny in Devonian
Acadian
Cordilleran-Antler
Ellesmere
77
Orogeny in Jurassic
Nevadan Orogeny
78
Orogeny in Paleoproterozoic
Hudsonian Orogeny
79
Orogeny in Cretaceous
Sevier
| Laramide
80
Ontong Java Plateau
Cretaceous
81
Orogeny in Paleocene
Alpine Orogeny
82
Orogeny in Eocene
Himalayan Orogeny
83
Greenhouse Earth - Warmest
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
