Guidance & Feedback Flashcards
What are the 4 types of guidance?
- Visual guidance
- Manual guidance
- Verbal guidance
- Mechanical guidance
What are the 6 types of feedback?
- Intrinsic feedback
- Positive feedback
- Extrinsic feedback
- Negative feedback
- Knowledge of performance
- Knowledge of results
What is visual guidance?
Consists of the coach using visual cues to encourage learning. It is very important that any demonstration is accurate to avoid any misunderstanding and therefore the incorrect technique being learnt.
What are the pros and cons of visual guidance?
Advantages:
- Allows learner to concentrate on the key components that determine the success of the whole skill
- Effective when the learner is at the cognitive stage of learning and the skill is simple
- Can be used to show a performer what they are doing wrong
Disadvantages:
- Doesn’t fully explain the reasoning behind the coaching points, whereas verbal does
- Some individuals at the cognitive stage of learning may prefer to have more guidance.
What is verbal guidance?
Verbal guidance consists of the coach using verbal instructions to clearly explain to the learner how the skill should be correctly performed.
When using verbal guidance, the coaching points should be accurate, concise and relevant.
What are the pros and cons of verbal guidance?
Pros:
- Can provide additional information that visual guidance does not
- Can be used to improve specific areas of weakness
Cons:
- Providing information in this style can overload the performer with information.
- Can be hard for the performer to imagine how they can manually perform the skill.
What is manual guidance?
Manual guidance involves the coach physically altering the learners body position to ensure that their physical performance of the skill is correct.
Primarily used when learning how to perform a dangerous and/or complex skill.
What are the pros and cons of manual guidance?
Pros:
- Increases confidence levels
- Reduces the chance of injury
- Allows a complex skill to be broken down into smaller parts
Cons:
- Learner can be over-reliant on physical guidance to perform the correct movements
- Does not allow for any improvement in kinaesthetic awareness.
What is mechanical guidance?
Mechanical guidance involves the coach using equipment to help the performer learn how specific sections of a movement correctly.
Usually used during the learning of a dangerous and complex skill.
What are the pros and cons of mechanical guidance?
Pros:
- Can make the skill safer
- Help provide a general feel of the movement required to perform correctly
- Can aid the practice of injured or disabled performers
Cons:
- Can lessen the accuracy of the learners internal feedback
- Learner can be over-reliant on the equipment to perform the movements correctly
What is intrinsic feedback?
Intrinsic feedback comes from within the performer, relating to how the performer thought the performance felt.
Information on the performance is gained from kinaesthetic feedback.
What are the pros and cons of intrinsic feedback?
Advantages:
- Improved the performers kinaesthetic awareness.
- Useful for elite athletes to use as they rely on less external feedback
Disadvantages:
- Learners at the cognitive stage of learning may not understand how a correct movement is supposed to feel.
What is positive feedback?
Positive feedback is used in response to a successful performance, and is used as a method of positive reinforcement.
What are the pros and cons of positive feedback?
Pros:
- Increases self-efficacy, especially in the early stages of learning
- Can lead to reinforcement of the correct responses
Cons:
- Can lead to over-confidence if used repeatedly
What is extrinsic feedback?
Extrinsic feedback comes from the outside of the performer, in the form of the information gathered by the performers senses.
