Guide 2

Question 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

measurement of amount of matter an object contains

Answer 2

mass

Question 3

a particle that contains more than one atom

Answer 3

molecule

Question 4

a molecule containing more than one element

Answer 4

compound

Question 5

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Answer 5

isotopes

Question 6

spontaneous release of material from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes

Answer 6

radioactive decay

Question 7

the time it takes for 1/2 of an original radioactive parent to decay

Answer 7

half-life

Question 8

bond formed when an element shares electrons

Answer 8

covalent bond

Question 9

chemical bond between 2 ions of opposite charges

Answer 9

ionic bond

Question 10

a weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one atom are attracted to another atom on another molecule

Answer 10

hydrogen bond

Question 11

a molecule in which one side is more positive and the other side is more negative

Answer 11

polar molecule

Question 12

a property of water resulting from the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water that creates a sort of skin on the water’s surface

Answer 12

surface tension

Question 13

property of water that occurs when adhesion of water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between molecules

Answer 13

capillary action

Question 14

substance contributing hydrogen ions to a solution

Answer 14

acid

Question 15

substance contributing hydroxide ions to a solution

Answer 15

base

Question 16

number that indicates the relative strength of acids and bases in a substance

Answer 16

pH

Question 17

a reaction occurring when atoms separate from molecules or recombine with other molecules

Answer 17

chemical reaction

Question 18

law of nature stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form

Answer 18

law of conservation of matter

Question 19

compound not containing the element carbon or containing carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen

Answer 19

inorganic compound

Question 20

compound containing carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

organic compound

Question 21

compound of C,H, and O atoms

Answer 21

carbohydrate

Question 22

critical component of living organisms made up of a long chain of nitrogen-containing organic molecules known as amino acids

Answer 22

protein

Question 23

organic compounds found in all living cells

Answer 23

nucleic acid

Question 24

smaller organic biological molecule that doesn’t mix with water

Answer 24

lipid

Question 25

the ability to do work or transfer heat

Answer 25

energy

Question 26

amount of energy used when a 1-watt electrical device is turned on for one second

Answer 26

joule

Question 27

the rate at which work is done

Answer 27

power

Question 28

a form of energy emitted by the sun- includes but is not limited to visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light

Answer 28

electromagnetic radiation

Question 29

massless packet of energy carrying electromagnetic radiation at the speed of light

Answer 29

photon

Question 30

stored energy that has not been released

Answer 30

potential energy

Question 31

potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Answer 31

chemical energy

Question 32

energy of motion

Answer 32

kinetic energy

Question 33

measure of average kinetic energy of a substance

Answer 33

temperature

Question 34

physical law stating that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change forms

Answer 34

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 35

physical law stating that when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes

Answer 35

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 36

ratio of the amount of energy expended in the form you want to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system

Answer 36

energy efficiency

Question 37

the ease with which an energy source can be used for work

Answer 37

energy quality

Question 38

randomness in a system

Answer 38

entropy

Question 39

feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring

Answer 39

negative feedback loop

Question 40

feedback loop in which a change in a system is amplified

Answer 40

positive feedback loop