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Generalist Exam Studying > Gyne > Flashcards

Gyne Flashcards

1
Q

Doppler waveforms of the uterine arterial flow show:

A

High-velocity, high-resistance pattern

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2
Q

Fertilization occurs how many hours after ovulation?

A

24-36

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3
Q

In relation to the central endometrial stripe, the endometrial echo appears hypoechogenic when?

A

During periovulatory stage of menstruation (late proliferative, middle of cycle)

6-11mm

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4
Q

The phase of the menstrual cycle following ovulation is referred to as what phase?

A

Secretory phase (luteal)

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5
Q

In female, testosterone is derived from?

A

Ovary and adrenal gland

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6
Q

Measurement for a nulliparous uterus?

A

7 x 4 x 3cm

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7
Q

What is Meigs syndrome?

A

Condition of ascites and hydrothroax in conjunction with a benign ovarian fibroma

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8
Q

What is the isthmus in the uterus?

A

Junction point between cervix and uterine corpus

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9
Q

Immediately after the ovum has been fertilized, it is known as what?

A

The zygote

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10
Q

What is the lifespan of a corpus luteum cyst if no fertilization occurs?

A

14 days (2 weeks)

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11
Q

What is the orientation of the iliac vessels to the ovaries?

A

Lateral

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12
Q

Is a cystadenoma a functional ovarian mass?

A

No, therefore it is NOT a physiologic condition

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13
Q

Endometrial proliferation is stimulated by which hormone?

A

Estrogen

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14
Q

The endometrium is its thinnest at the beginning of which phase?

A

Proliferative phase

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15
Q

In early pregnancy, how often do the normal beta-hCG levels double?

A

Every 48 hours

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16
Q

The menstrual cycle is NOT influenced by the adrenal glands - true or false?

A

True

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17
Q

The levator ani muscles are seen, transversely, at the same level as the…?

A

Vagina

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18
Q

Conception will produce positive pregnancy test results in how many weeks?

A

1-2 weeks

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19
Q

The beta-HCG levels with an ectopic pregnancy increase how?

A

Slowly to a point, and then plateau

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20
Q

Ovulation usually occurs when the dominant follicle reaches what size?

A

2.5 cm

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21
Q

A normal cervical length in a nulliparous woman measure what in centimeters?

A

2.0 - 3.0cm

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22
Q

What is an arrhenoblastoma?

A

Androgenic tumour that secrete testosterone, causing secondary male characteristics.

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23
Q

A developing follicle is called what?

A

Preantral follicle

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24
Q

What is a corpus albicans?

A

When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses to a corpus albicans.

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25
Q

What are theca-lutein cysts?

A

Bilateral cysts that correspond to hyperstimulated ovaries.

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26
Q

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is characterized by what?

A

Obesity, hirsutism, and infertility

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27
Q

Doppler waveforms of arterial flow in the dominant ovary in a premenopausal woman typically show what kind of pattern and velocity?

A

Low-velocity, low-resistance pattern

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28
Q

What group of muscles form the lateral pelvic sidewalls?

A

Obturator internus

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29
Q

Which hormone is responsible for inducing ovulation during the normal menstrual cycle?

A

Luteinizing hormone

30
Q

What muscles are most frequently mistaken for enlarged ovaries?

A

Piriformis

31
Q

What is another name for the internal iliac artery?

A

Hypogastric artery

32
Q

What produces hCG?

A

Placenta

33
Q

What uterus position will require two longitudinal measurements instead of one?

A

Retroflexed

34
Q

Which hormone is mostly responsible for premenstrual symptoms and those of early pregnancy?

A

Proggie - progesterone

35
Q

What are the main 4 symptoms of endometriosis?

A

Menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and cyclic pain

36
Q

What is menorrhagia?

A

Menstrual bleeding that lasts for more than 7 days

37
Q

What long bone is least likely to be affected by intrauterine growth restriction?

A

Clavicle

38
Q

What is the best procedure to determine fetal lung maturity?

A

Amniocentesis

39
Q

How many hours after ovulation does fertilization occur?

A

24-36

40
Q

What formula is used to calculate the cephalic index?

A

BPD/OFD x 100

41
Q

With normal growth during the first trimester, how much should the size of the gestational sac should increase by daily?

A

1 mm
tiny

42
Q

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is characterized by which conditions/features? (3)

A

Obesity, hirsutism, and infertility

43
Q

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is associated with what ovarian condition?

A

PCOS

44
Q

Naegele’s rule states what?

A

That one can calculate a patient’s clinical due date by adding 9 months plus 7 days to their LMP.

45
Q

Until ovulation, a dominant follicle grows at a rate of…?

A

2-3 mm per day

46
Q

Cerebellar length, humerus length, binocular distance, and renal length can be measured to assess what for baby?

A

Assessment of gestational age

47
Q

What is a Krukenburg tumor?

A

Metastatic tumour from a GI tract primary

48
Q

Under what condition will a fetus expel meconium?

A

They are in distress

49
Q

A disorder caused by the presence of only one defective gene is termed?

A

Autosomal dominant

50
Q

A disorder caused by the presence of only one defective gene is called autosomal _________ ?

A

autosomal dominant

51
Q

Which anomaly will the fetal transcerebellar diameter be abnormal in?

A

Aneuploidy

52
Q

Trisomy 18 and trisomy 21 are examples of what type of ‘‘ploidy’?

A

Aneuploidy

53
Q

What is aneuploidy ?

A

There is AN missing or AN extra chromosome (only one)

54
Q

A 24 yo pt presents externally as female, but chromosome analysis reveals a 46, XC karyotype. What looks like intra-abdominal ovaries are actually testicles and the uterus is absent. What condition is this?

A

Testicular feminization (androgen insensitivity syndrome)(

55
Q

How many chromosomes do we normally have?

A

46

56
Q

XX chromosomes indicate which sex?

A

Female

57
Q

XY chromosomes indicate which sex?

A

Male

58
Q

The major components of a prenatal genetic testing program include what tests?

A

Amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and sonographic fetal anatomic survey

59
Q

Hydatidiform mole lacks which elevated lab value due to the fact there is no fetus that would produce AFP?

A

MSAFP

60
Q

A symptom of down syndrome is a decreased lab value of what?

A

MSAFP

61
Q

What is acetylcholinesterase (AChE)?

A

An enzyme found in the central nervous system, muscle, and red blood cells

62
Q

An increased value of AChE (acetylcholinesterase) indicates which abnormality?

A

Spina bifida (neutral tube defect)

63
Q

What age range are chorionic villus sampling (CVS) procedures most commonly performed?

A

10-14 wks

64
Q

Which procedure can be done earlier - CVS or amnio?

A

CVS (at 10-14 wks)

65
Q

Which technique is most commonly used for CVS? (ow it hurts)

A

Transcervical approach

66
Q

Elevated MSAFP levels are reported as in which statistical methodology?

A

Multiples of the median (MoM)

67
Q

A triple marker screening (triple test) measures which values?

A

hCG, unconjugated estriol (uE3), and MSAFP levels

68
Q

If MSAFP and uE3 are lower while beta-hCG is elevated, what syndrome does this suggest?

A

Down syndrome

69
Q

What is CHARGE assocation?

A

Coloboma of the eye
Heart defects
Atresia of nasal choanae
Restriction of growth/development
Genital/urinary abnormalities
Ear abnormalities (deafness)

70
Q
A

Generalist Exam Studying (16 decks)

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