Haematology Flashcards

Question

What is thrombocytosis?

Answer 1

High platelet count >400

Answer 2

Reactive Malignancy Essential thrombocytosis Hyposplenism

Answer 3

``` Myeloproliferative disorders Overlaps with CML, polycythemia rubra vera and myelofibrosis >600 platelet count Thrombosis or haemorrhage JAK2 mutation common 'Burning hands' ```

Answer 4

``` Sickle cell Thalassemia Iron deficiency Hyposplenism Liver disease ```

Answer 5

``` Target cells Acanthocytes Howell-jolly bodies Siderotic granules Pappenheimer bodies ```

Answer 6

Helmet cells | Intravascular haemolysis

Answer 7

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Answer 8

Target cells | Pencil poikilocytes

Answer 9

Antibodies against glycoprotein IIb/IIIa or Ib-V-IX complex

Answer 10

Philadelphia chromosome BCR-ABL T(9.22) Decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

Answer 11

``` Abdominal pain Peripheral neuropathy Fatigue Constipation Blue lines on gum margin ```

Answer 12

Basophilic stippling | Clover leaf morphology

Answer 13

``` Steroid therapy SLE AIDS Uremia Chemo ```

Answer 14

``` Asthma Eczema Hypersensitivity Rheumatoid Churg-strauss Infection Neoplasia Addision's ```

Answer 15

Thrombocytosis

Answer 16

``` Thrombocytopenia <150 Reduced production Reduced survival Dilution of numbers ```

Answer 17

Iron deficiency anaemia Sideroblastic anaemia Thalassemia

Answer 18

Inadequate use of iron to make haemoglobin | Ringed appearance due to iron deposition in RBC

Answer 19

``` Haemolytic anaemia Aplastic anaemia Anaemia of renal disease Anaemia of chronic disease Parvovirus Leukemias ```

Answer 20

Reticulocyte count Raised = haemolytic anaemia Normal/low = other cause

Answer 21

``` Chronic liver disease Alcoholism Vitamin B12 deficiency Folate deficiency Myelodysplasia ```

Answer 22

Megaloblasts on smear

Answer 23

Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

Answer 24

Alcohol abuse Myelodysplastic syndrome Liver disease

Answer 25

Inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production

Answer 26

``` Post gastrectomy/ileal resection Bacterial overgrowth Parasitic infection HIV infection Dietary deficiency Pernicious anaemia ```

Answer 27

Dietary deficiency Malabsorption Haemolysis Leukaemia

Answer 28

Autoimmune process against stomach Loss of glands, mucosal architecture and parietal and chief cells No intrinsic factor

Answer 29

Normal anaemia symptoms Loss of vibratory sense and position Yellow-blue colour blindness Reflex loss

Answer 30

Vitamin B12 before folate

Answer 31

Complement fixation | Trauma

Answer 32

Red cells removed from circulation by mononuclear-phagocytic system

Answer 33

``` G6PD deficiency Hereditary spherocytosis Sickle cell Haemolytic uraemic syndrome TTP Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia HELLP ```

Answer 34

Direct Coombs test ``` AHA = positive HS = negative ```

Answer 35

``` Thrombotic Sequestration Acute chest syndrome Aplastic Haemolytic ```

Answer 36

``` Painful/vaso-occlusive Infection, dehydration, deoxygenation Infarcts occur in various organs e.g. Bone Hand-foot syndrome Lungs Spleen Brain ```

Answer 37

Sickling within organs causing blood pooling

Answer 38

``` Vaso-occlusive crisis of the lungs Fever Cough Sputum Tachypnoea Dyspnoea Hypoxia ```

Answer 39

Temporary cessation of erythropoiesis | Parvovirus B19

Answer 40

Sudden increase in haemolysis

Answer 41

Most common inherited bleeding disorder | abnormality of vWF

Answer 42

Promotes normal platelet function | Stabilises factor VIII

Answer 43

Intrinsic pathway Common pathway Including factors I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI

Answer 44

Extrinsic pathway Common pathway I, II, V, VII, X deficiency or effects of warfarin

Answer 45

``` Acute haemolytic reaction Infective shock Transfusion related lung injury Fluid overload Non-haemolytic febrile reaction Severe allergic reaction ```

Answer 46

``` Incompatible red cells with antibodies Leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation Low Hb High lactate High bilirubin ```

Answer 47

Fever + rigors | Antibodies to white cells

Answer 48

``` Acute respiratory distress Donor plasma has antibodies to leukocytes Non-productive cough Breathlessness Hypoxia Fever Rigors ```

Answer 49

Bacterial contamination of blood component

Answer 50

Delayed haemolytic Alloimmunisation Post transfusion purpura GvHD

Answer 51

``` 5-10 days Fever low Hb Jaundice Haemoglobinuria ```

Answer 52

Platelet specific alloantibodies | 5-9 days post transfusion

Answer 53

Mediated by T-lymphocytes Mortality rate 75-90% No treatment Irradiate blood prior to transfusion

Answer 54

Immunodeficiency Allograft bone marrow and stem cell recipients Purine analogue Hodgkin's disease

Answer 55

``` non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Cirrhoesis Epstein-Barr virus Cytomegalovirus Cyst Haemangiomas CML Haematologic conditions ```

Answer 56

``` Myeloblast = auer rods or myelopersoxidase on staining Lymphoblast = TdT +ve on staining ```

Haematology Flashcards

(80 cards)