Hallucinogens Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

psychedelic means what

A

mind opening

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2
Q

where are pyschedelics more common

A

recreational and clinical use

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3
Q

what kind if distortions does hallucinogens create

A

perceptual and cognitive

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4
Q

what drug category does mescaline belong to and where is it found

A

psychactive alkyloid found in peyote cactus

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5
Q

what drug category does psilocybin belong to and where is it found

A

endogenous active alkyloid prodrug found in mushrooms

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6
Q

psilocybin is metabolized to what

A

psilocin

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7
Q

what drug category does DMT belong to

A

psychoactive tryptamine

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8
Q

what is ayahuasca

A

strong tea brewed with DMT

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9
Q

when is the tea psychoactive and why

A

when brewed with reversible MAO inhibitors (beta carbolines) -> they can inhibit first pass metabolism

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10
Q

lysergic acid is a chemical precursor to ______, which is what

A

ergot alkyloids -> toxin that infests wheat crops

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11
Q

what medical use does ergot alkyloids have

A

induce labor

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12
Q

what was LSD first marketed as

A

delysid for neurotic patients

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13
Q

what is psycholytic therapy

A

low dose of LSD was givent to promote release of repressed memories

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14
Q

what kind of dose did psychedelic therapy use

A

high dose of LSD -> induced spiritual experience

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15
Q

self reported spiritual experiences from psychedelic therapy correlated with what

A

increased treatment efficacy

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16
Q

how did psychedelic therapy impact depression

A

improved depression scores

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17
Q

what were the 3 influential figures in psychedelic culture and what was the most important thing one of them did

A

Aldous huxley
Gordon wasson
Timothy Leary -> founded the harvard psychedelic drug research program

18
Q

what is Project MKUltra

A

series of illegal human experiments -> investigate methods for mind control and interrogation

19
Q

most hallucinogens are readily available through what type of administration

20
Q

what is the greatest impacts on the onset of hallucinogens

21
Q

which two hallucinogens are psychoactive

A

LSD and mescaline

22
Q

what is the one exception to the pharmacology of hallucinogens and why

A

DMT -> inhalation, rapid onset, short effects

23
Q

what are the 4 common effects of hallucinogens

A

1.onset -> visual effects
2.plateau
3.peak -> synesthesia, distorted time
4.come down

24
Q

what are the two types of hallucinogenic experiences

A

good trip -> spiritually enlightening experience
bad trip -> disturbing

25
how does hallucinogens effect blood flow and where
decreases blood flow in ACC and PFC
26
what is the default mode network and how is this impacted by hallucinogens
proposed to produce effects by inhibiting the self or ego -> unconstrained cognition
27
adverse effects of LSD ingestion are more common with what
eating a whole peyote or psilocybin mushrooms
28
indoleamine is similar to what NT
serotonin
29
what three hallucinogens contains indoleamine
psilocin, DMT and LSD
30
mescaline has a structural homology to what
catecholamines
31
true or false - every bad trip with hallucinogens results in hospitalization
false - very rare , generally managed by support
32
what is hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
re experiencing perceptual symptoms of intoxication after stopping the drug -> flashbacks
33
the effects of hallucinogens are primarily through what receptor
5-HT2A
34
which two hallucingens are agonists at the 5-HT2A receptor
indoleamine and phenethylamine
35
do dopamine receptors affect subjective effects
no
36
subjective effects of psilocybin were blocked by what receptors
5-HT2A antagonist and inverse agonist
37
true or false - self administration of hallucinogens is demonstrable in animals
false - it is not
38
true or false - hallucinogens develop rapid tolerance
true
39
describe the pharmacodynamic tolerance of hallucinogens
5-HT2A receptors are downregulated with daily LSD administration
40
is there dependence in hallucinogens
no -> there is no binge or crave
41
can hallucinogens have abuse potential
no