Hallucinogens

Question 1

psychedelic means what

Answer 1

mind opening

Question 2

where are pyschedelics more common

Answer 2

recreational and clinical use

Question 3

what kind if distortions does hallucinogens create

Answer 3

perceptual and cognitive

Question 4

what drug category does mescaline belong to and where is it found

Answer 4

psychactive alkyloid found in peyote cactus

Question 5

what drug category does psilocybin belong to and where is it found

Answer 5

endogenous active alkyloid prodrug found in mushrooms

Question 6

psilocybin is metabolized to what

Answer 6

psilocin

Question 7

what drug category does DMT belong to

Answer 7

psychoactive tryptamine

Question 8

what is ayahuasca

Answer 8

strong tea brewed with DMT

Question 9

when is the tea psychoactive and why

Answer 9

when brewed with reversible MAO inhibitors (beta carbolines) -> they can inhibit first pass metabolism

Question 10

lysergic acid is a chemical precursor to ______, which is what

Answer 10

ergot alkyloids -> toxin that infests wheat crops

Question 11

what medical use does ergot alkyloids have

Answer 11

induce labor

Question 12

what was LSD first marketed as

Answer 12

delysid for neurotic patients

Question 13

what is psycholytic therapy

Answer 13

low dose of LSD was givent to promote release of repressed memories

Question 14

what kind of dose did psychedelic therapy use

Answer 14

high dose of LSD -> induced spiritual experience

Question 15

self reported spiritual experiences from psychedelic therapy correlated with what

Answer 15

increased treatment efficacy

Question 16

how did psychedelic therapy impact depression

Answer 16

improved depression scores

Question 17

what were the 3 influential figures in psychedelic culture and what was the most important thing one of them did

Answer 17

Aldous huxley
Gordon wasson
Timothy Leary -> founded the harvard psychedelic drug research program

Question 18

what is Project MKUltra

Answer 18

series of illegal human experiments -> investigate methods for mind control and interrogation

Question 19

most hallucinogens are readily available through what type of administration

Answer 19

orally

Question 20

what is the greatest impacts on the onset of hallucinogens

Answer 20

food

Question 21

which two hallucinogens are psychoactive

Answer 21

LSD and mescaline

Question 22

what is the one exception to the pharmacology of hallucinogens and why

Answer 22

DMT -> inhalation, rapid onset, short effects

Question 23

what are the 4 common effects of hallucinogens

Answer 23

1.onset -> visual effects
2.plateau
3.peak -> synesthesia, distorted time
4.come down

Question 24

what are the two types of hallucinogenic experiences

Answer 24

good trip -> spiritually enlightening experience
bad trip -> disturbing

Question 25

how does hallucinogens effect blood flow and where

Answer 25

decreases blood flow in ACC and PFC

Question 26

what is the default mode network and how is this impacted by hallucinogens

Answer 26

proposed to produce effects by inhibiting the self or ego -> unconstrained cognition

Question 27

adverse effects of LSD ingestion are more common with what

Answer 27

eating a whole peyote or psilocybin mushrooms

Question 28

indoleamine is similar to what NT

Answer 28

serotonin

Question 29

what three hallucinogens contains indoleamine

Answer 29

psilocin, DMT and LSD

Question 30

mescaline has a structural homology to what

Answer 30

catecholamines

Question 31

true or false - every bad trip with hallucinogens results in hospitalization

Answer 31

false - very rare , generally managed by support

Question 32

what is hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Answer 32

re experiencing perceptual symptoms of intoxication after stopping the drug -> flashbacks

Question 33

the effects of hallucinogens are primarily through what receptor

Answer 33

5-HT2A

Question 34

which two hallucingens are agonists at the 5-HT2A receptor

Answer 34

indoleamine and phenethylamine

Question 35

do dopamine receptors affect subjective effects

Answer 35

no

Question 36

subjective effects of psilocybin were blocked by what receptors

Answer 36

5-HT2A antagonist and inverse agonist

Question 37

true or false - self administration of hallucinogens is demonstrable in animals

Answer 37

false - it is not

Question 38

true or false - hallucinogens develop rapid tolerance

Answer 38

true

Question 39

describe the pharmacodynamic tolerance of hallucinogens

Answer 39

5-HT2A receptors are downregulated with daily LSD administration

Question 40

is there dependence in hallucinogens

Answer 40

no -> there is no binge or crave

Question 41

can hallucinogens have abuse potential

Answer 41

no