Anxiolytic: Barbiturates Flashcards
(44 cards)
fill in the blank: anxiety is the_______ of potential danger
physiological responses including _________ _______
- anticipation
- sympathetic activation
what is an anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic
- anxiolytic-> reducing anxiety or tranquillizing
- sedative-> calming, relaxing, or sleep inducing
- hypnotic-> sleep inducing or sopoforic
what are sympathetic effects
- increased muscle tension, digestive problems and sleep disturbance
fill in the blank:________ _______ cycle is due to performance decrease and fear of failure
escalating anxiety
what disorders does anxiety have high comorbidity with
- depressive disorders and substance abuse
what are rates of alcohol abuse highest with
social anxiety disorders
how is generalized anxiety disorder different from panic attacks
generalized anxiety-> symptoms on anxiety without identifiable cause
panic attacks-> experiencing physiological effects of fear reaction without threatening stimulus
what can panic attack in response to a cue lead to
phobia
what are panic attacks accompanied by
- strong sympathetic NS activation
- increased heart rate, sweating, shortness of breath, choking, fear of losing control or dying
what was the first drug that was widespread to reduce anxiety
alcohol
what are the two contemporary anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics
barbiturates; benzodiazepine
what are bromides
are sedatives possible through effects on cl- balance in the CNS and were the first effective anticonvulsants
what does bromism result from
- bromide toxicity
-impaired thought and memory, drowsiness, irritability, skin eruption (rash)
what was the first psychoactive barbiturate synthesized and what was it marketed as
- barbital ( relaxing and sopoforic effects)
-> long half-life meant drowsiness extended for days - veronal
true or false: phenobarbital was noted to be faster acting,, shorter duration and have excellent anticonvulsant properties
true
how can barbiturates be classed
according to the relative lipophilicity of the compound
true or false: decreasing the lipophilicity of barbiturates results in slower uptake into the brain and slower sedation
true
how are phenobarbital, amobarbital and thiopental different
- pheno-> low lipho and slow uptake
- amo-> medium lipho and intermediate uptake
- thio-> high lipho and fast uptake
what do low, moderate and high doses result in
- low-> anxiolytic and tranquillizing
- moderate -> sedation and sopoforic
- high-> anesthetic
Ultrashort acting bariturates are ____
anaesthetic ; example: thiopental
true or false: long-acting barbiturates have high lipophilicity and are effective for treating seizure disorders and anxiety
false; low
such as phenobarbital
what kind of side effects are accompanied by anxiolytic effects and what are they
- cognitive side effects
- mental clouding, loss of judgement, slowed reflexes
what is coma and death result of
respiratory depression
true or false: barbiturates induce restful sleep
false; they do not
- short term use does result in rapid sleep but decreased stages 3 and 4
- chronic decreases REM sleep and stages 3 and 4, it also increases spontaneous awakening
