Acetylcholine Receptors Flashcards
(95 cards)
Where does cholinergic neurotransmission occur?
- neuromuscular junctions
- CNS
- autonomic nervous system
TRUE or FALSE: cholinergic neurotransmission occurs at…
- ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic
- preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic branch
FALSE:
- preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branch
- ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic branch
Which neurotransmitters are released in the parasympathetic branch, and in what order?
CNS (preganglionic neuron) –> ACh –> parasympathetic ganglion –> ACh –> target organ
Which neurotransmitters are released in the sympathetic branch, and in what order?
CNS (preganglionic neuron) –> ACh –> sympathetic ganglion –> NOREPINEPHRINE –> target organ
TRUE or FALSE: both preganglionic and ganglionic neurons in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems release ACh
FALSE: sympathetic ganglionic neurons release norepinephrine
Agonists of muscarinic receptors are ______________.
parasympathomimetic
Antagonists of muscarinic receptors are __________________.
parasympatholytic
What is meant by parasympathomimetic?
drugs that mimic effects of activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
What is meant by parasympatholytic?
drugs that inhibit parasympathetic functions
What is the striatum involved in?
motor function
What is the dorsolateral pons involved in?
arousal and addictions
What is the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) involved in?
learning, memory, and attention
Where are cholinergic neurons located in the BFCS?
- medial septum
- diagonal band nuclei
- nucleus basalis
- substantia innominate
Where does the BFCS project to?
cortex, hippocampus, amygdala
What is loss of BFCS cholinergic neurons associated with?
cognitive decline in AD
What kind of drug is atropine? Which receptor does it affect? Is it an agonist or antagonist?
- plant alkyloid found in the nightshade plant
- antagonist of the muscarinic ACh receptor
How is atropine administered?
opthalamologically to dilate pupils
TRUE or FALSE: atropine dilates the pupils
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: atropine is a parasympathomimetic
FALSE: parasympatholytic
TRUR or FALSE: atropine is BBB permeable
TRUE
What occurs in animals when atropine is orally administered?
inhibit cognition (acquisition and maintenance of learning tasks)
How does atropine affect cognition in humans?
amnesiac
Which drug is closely related to atropine and has an amnesiac effect in humans?
scopolamine
Which drug combination was often administered during labour in the early-mid 20th CE?
scopolamine and morphine