Handout 9

Question 1

refer to bar charts on which factors are plotted along the horizontal axis in decreasing order of frequency.

Answer 1

Pareto Charts

Question 2

a nineteenth-century Italian scientist whose statistical work focused on inequalities of data.

Answer 2

Vilfredo Pareto

Question 3

states that eighty percent of the activity is caused by twenty percent of the factors. It is also known as the “80–20 rule”.

Answer 3

Pareto Principle

Question 4

relate a key performance problem to its potential causes. It is used to identify and isolate the causes of a problem

Answer 4

Cause-and-Effect Diagrams

Question 5

sometimes called the “fishbone diagram” because of its structure.

Answer 5

Cause-and-Effect Diagrams

Question 6

a Japanese quality expert who developed the Cause-and-Effect Diagram

Answer 6

Kaoru Ishikawa

Question 7

a structured form for collecting and analyzing data.

Answer 7

check sheet

Question 8

These are the graphical representation of data presented by columns on a graph which vary in height depending on the frequency or number of times a specific range of data occur

Answer 8

Histograms

Question 9

These are used to show the relationship between two (2) numerical data.

Answer 9

Scatter Diagrams

Question 10

This is used to study data for trends or patterns over a specified period of time focusing on vital changes in the process

Answer 10

Run Charts

Question 11

It refers to a predictable process where outputs meet customer needs

Answer 11

Ideal

Question 12

It refers to a predictable process; however, it does not consistently meet customer needs.

Answer 12

Threshold

Question 13

It refers to a process that is unpredictable, but the outputs still meet customer requirements

Answer 13

Brink of chaos.

Question 14

it refers to a process that produces unpredictable levels of nonconformance

Answer 14

State of chaos.

Question 15

This involves investigating the cause of a problem by grouping data into categories. The groups include data relative to the environment, the people involved, the machine(s) and materials used in the process, and so on.

Answer 15

Stratification

Question 16

It represents Japanese words that describe the steps of a workplace organization process

Answer 16

Five-S.

Question 17

It refers to the practice of distinguishing necessary things and eliminating the unnecessary things in the workplace.

Answer 17

Seiri (Sort)

Question 18

it refers to the practice of creating an orderly storage so items can be located efficiently.

Answer 18

Seiton (Straighten, Set)

Question 19

It refers to the practice of maintaining a clean workplace so problems like leaks, spills, or furniture damages can be more easily identified.

Answer 19

Seiso (Shine, Sweep)

Question 20

It refers to the practice of setting up standards for a clean workplace.

Answer 20

Seiketsu (Standardize).

Question 21

It refers to the practice of supporting behaviors and habits that maintain organizational standards for the long-term success of the company.

Answer 21

Shitsuke (Sustain)

Question 22

It is a graphic representation of a process.

Answer 22

Flow Charts

Question 23

It is used to obtain relevant feedback from internal and external customers. I

Answer 23

Survey

Question 24

It involves a paper-and-pencil instrument that is administered to the respondents.

Answer 24

Questionnaire

Question 25

It involves two (2) persons: the researcher as the interviewer, and the respondent as the interviewee.

Answer 25

Interview

Question 26

is the name given by the Japanese to the concept of continual incremental improvement.

Answer 26

“Kaizen”

Question 27

responsible for establishing Kaizen as the corporate strategy of the organization.

Answer 27

Role of executive management

Question 28

are responsible for implementing the Kaizen policies established by the executive management.

Answer 28

Role of middle managers.

Question 29

are responsible for applying the Kaizen approach in their functional roles by developing plans, improving communication, maintaining morale, providing coaching for teamwork activities, and for soliciting Kaizen suggestions from employees.

Answer 29

Role of supervisors.

Question 30

are responsible for participating in Kaizen by taking part in teamwork activities, engaging in continual self-improvement activities, and enhancing job skills through education and training.

Answer 30

Role of employees.

Question 31

This approach focuses on maximizing customer value while minimizing waste

Answer 31

Lean Approach

Question 32

the process of developing a better product or service at the minimum amount of resources

Answer 32

lean operation

Question 33

It refers to the excessive manufacturing of a product or delivery of a service.

Answer 33

Overproduction waste

Question 34

It refers to the excessive inventory stored in a warehouse.

Answer 34

Inventory waste.

Question 35

It refers to the unnecessary movement into the production process or into the delivery of services.

Answer 35

Motion waste

Question 36

It refers to the rejected work or rework as the result of production or processing errors

Answer 36

Defects waste

Question 37

It refers to the idle time of people, machines, or processes because of unavailable resources.

Answer 37

Waiting waste. `

Question 38

It refers to the underuse capabilities of technology or underutilized talents, skills, and creativity of people.

Answer 38

Underutilization waste.

Question 39

This tool is used to promote ease of communication.

Answer 39

Visual Workplace Systems.

Question 40

This tool is used to achieve the optimum plant layout that will minimize motion wastes

Answer 40

Layout

Question 41

This tool is used to ensure that processes involving repetitive tasks are being accomplished in the most efficient and productive manner.

Answer 41

Standardized Work (SW).

Question 42

This tool is used to make process conversions as rapidly as possible

Answer 42

Quick Changeover (QCO)

Question 43

This tool is used to ensure that all equipment and parts of a specific process are in good condition and ready for use when needed.

Answer 43

Productive Maintenance (PM).

Question 44

This approach is used to improve production processes to the point where the defect rate is 3.4% per million or less which makes a company more competitive, profitable, and successful.

Answer 44

Six Sigma Approach

Question 45

This approach refers to a data-driven quality strategy for improving processes.

Answer 45

DMAIC Approach

Question 46

It involves determining customer requirements, defining variables in production, and identifying the process standards of a company.

Answer 46

Define

Question 47

It involves understanding the process, evaluating risks on process inputs, and measuring current performance of a company through data collection.

Answer 47

Measure

Question 48

It involves identifying the wastes in production and analyzing collected data to determine root cause of wastes and opportunities for improvement.

Answer 48

Analyze

Question 49

It involves designing process improvements to formulate creative solutions to fix and prevent problems.

Answer 49

Improve

Question 50

It involves development, documentation, and implementation of an ongoing monitoring plan to ensure that processes are being carried out based on the established standards.

Answer 50

Control