Handout 3

Question 1

a set of guiding principles that govern humans’ right and wrong actions

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

states that the good result of an action should outweigh any harm that it might cause

Answer 2

Utilitarian Principle

Question 3

states that actions should respect and protect the moral rights of others

Answer 3

Rights Principle

Question 4

states that equality should prevail in any given situation

Answer 4

Fairness Principle

Question 5

states that actions should contribute to the general welfare of the community

Answer 5

Common Good Principle

Question 6

states that actions should be consistent with certain ideal virtues

Answer 6

Virtue Principle

Question 7

pertains to the belief earned by a person who is reliable and honest

Answer 7

Trust

Question 8

pertains to deeply held beliefs of a person that form the very core of that particular person

Answer 8

Values

Question 9

reflects the ability of a person to display honesty and strong moral principles

Answer 9

Integrity

Question 10

pertains to the accountability of a person to take ownership for his/her actions

Answer 10

Responsibility

Question 11

It is based on the belief that people are basically good

Answer 11

Best-Ratio Approach

Question 12

It is based on the certainty that right is right, wrong is wrong, and
conditions are irrelevant

Answer 12

Black-and-White Approach.

Question 13

It is based on the philosophy that people are responsible for realizing their
full potential within the confines of morality

Answer 13

Full-Potential Approach

Question 14

establishing and enforcing policies and practices that ensure that all employees are treated ethically

Answer 14

Creating an Ethical Environment

Question 15

An organization that takes the “Do as I say, not as I do” approach to ethics will
not succeed

Answer 15

Setting an Example

Question 16

pertains to the ability of the organization to express their actions to the satisfaction of a broad cross-section of stakeholders

Answer 16

Full-disclosure Model

Question 17

suggests that management
decisions must be in accordance to the benefit of many

Answer 17

Full-disclosure Model

Question 18

In this model, the mean refers to the average or middle point
between two (2) extremes

Answer 18

Doctrine of the Mean Model

Question 19

This proposes that in any situation, a moderate middle-ground option
is likely to be an ethical option

Answer 19

Doctrine of the Mean Model

Question 20

based on: “Do unto others as you would have
them do unto you.”

Answer 20

Golden Rule Model

Question 21

based on the belief that any legal action that promotes profitability
is ethical

Answer 21

Market Ethics Model

Question 22

This model is based on loyalty to the organization

Answer 22

Organizational Ethics Model

Question 23

Its underlying
premise is that the most ethical decision is the one that best serves the organization’s interests

Answer 23

Organizational Ethics Model

Question 24

suggests that organizations have the freedom to behave as they wish as long as they do not infringe on the rights of stakeholders

Answer 24

Equal Freedom Model.

Question 25

based on the assumption that the world is so complex
that decisions are seldom clearly right or wrong

Answer 25

Proportionality Ethics Model

Question 26

based on the principle of peer review

Question 27

states that a decision is
ethical if it can be explained to the approval of a broad cross-section of professional peers

Answer 27

Professional Ethics Model.

Question 28

People are, by their very nature, self-interested and, as a result,
self-protective

Answer 28

Self-interest and Self-protection

Question 29

People who believe in ethical values (honesty, loyalty, fairness, etc.) sometimes
find themselves in situations where these values seem to conflict

Answer 29

Conflicting Values

Question 30

People frequently make decisions that contradict
their beliefs because the benefits of ethical decisions are often intangible or deferred while the
perceived benefits of unethical decision are usually both tangible and immediate

Answer 30

Tangible or Intangible, Immediate or Deferred.

Question 31

Since the benefits of ethical behavior can be perceived as
being intangible and deferred, people will sometimes choose the unethical option—even people
who believe in ethical values

Answer 31

Making Ethics Tangible and Immediate