Diarrhea organisms: - Most common - Recent antibiotic - Camping - Traveler's - Church picnics/mayo - Uncook hamburgers - Fried rice - Poultry/eggs - Raw seafood - AIDS - Psuedoappendicitis

- Most common: campylobacter - Recent antibiotic: C diff - Camping: giardia - Traveler's: ETEC - Church picnics/mayo: S aureus - Uncook hamburgers: E coli O157H7 - Fried rice: Bacillus cereus - Poultry/eggs: Salmonella - Raw seafood: Vibrio, HAV - AIDS: Isospora, Cryptosporidium, MAC - Psuedoappendicitis: Yersinia

- Pure RBC aplasia? - Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, macrocytic anemia, and pancytopenia (congenital marrow failure)?

- Diamond-Blackfan anemia - Fanconi's anemia

Organism associations: - Branching rods in oral infection - Painful chancroid - Raw pork and skeletal uscle cysts - Sheepherders with liver cysts

Organism associations: - Branching rods in oral infection: actinomyces (penicillin) - Painful chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi) - Raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts (trichinella spiralis) - Sheepherders with liver cysts (echinococcus granulosus)

HARDEST TO REMEMBER STUFF Flashcards by Colin Johnson

Target LDL in a patient with diabetes

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The most common cause of HTN in young people

Men: alcohol
Women: OCPs

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Flat-topped papules (6 Ps)

Lichen Planus (possibly autoimmune but sometimes there are triggers)

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Headache, weakness, and polyuria; exam reveals hypertension and tetany, labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)

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“Dewdrops on a rose petal,” “teardrops”

Primary varicella (chickenpox)

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Why are B blockers contraindicated in diabetics?

They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

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The percentage of cases within 2 SDs of the mean

95.4%

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Diagnostic modality when US is equivocal for cholecystitis

HIDA scan

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Diarrhea organisms:

Most common
Recent antibiotic
Camping
Traveler’s
Church picnics/mayo
Uncook hamburgers
Fried rice
Poultry/eggs
Raw seafood
AIDS
Psuedoappendicitis

Most common: campylobacter
Recent antibiotic: C diff
Camping: giardia
Traveler’s: ETEC
Church picnics/mayo: S aureus
Uncook hamburgers: E coli O157H7
Fried rice: Bacillus cereus
Poultry/eggs: Salmonella
Raw seafood: Vibrio, HAV
AIDS: Isospora, Cryptosporidium, MAC
Psuedoappendicitis: Yersinia

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Charcot’s triad

RUQ pain, jaundice, fever/chills–ascending cholangitis

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Pure RBC aplasia?
Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, macrocytic anemia, and pancytopenia (congenital marrow failure)?

Diamond-Blackfan anemia

- Fanconi’s anemia

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HUS triad?

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure

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Treatment for TTP

Plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated.

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A late, life threatening complication of CML

Blast crisis (fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia)

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Auer rods on blood smear

AML

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Treatment for neonatal meningitis

Amp and gent

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Treatment for meningitis in infants

Cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone?) and vancomycin

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Ring enhancing brain lesions on CT with seizures

Taenia solium (cysticercosis)

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Organism associations:

Branching rods in oral infection
Painful chancroid
Raw pork and skeletal uscle cysts
Sheepherders with liver cysts

Organism associations:

Branching rods in oral infection: actinomyces (penicillin)
Painful chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
Raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts (trichinella spiralis)
Sheepherders with liver cysts (echinococcus granulosus)

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A 55 year old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms. Silver stain shows gram - rods.

Legionella pneumonia (listeria is meningitis in neonates and elderly)

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Endocarditis:
IV drug user
Dental procedures
Prosthetic heart valve

Endocarditis:
IV drug user–S aureus
Dental procedures-Strep viridans
Prosthetic heart valve-S aureus or Staph epidermidis

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An 11 year old obese AA boy presents with sudden onset of limp.

SCFE (legg-calve-perth is age 4-10). Diagnose with AP and frog leg lateral XRs

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Treatment for guillain barre

Plasmapharesis or IVIG–avoid steroids

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What % lesion is indication for carotid endarterectomy

70% if stenosis is symptomatic (60% if nonsymptomatic in men)

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A 6 year old girl presents with a port wine stain in the V1 distribution as well as with mental retardation, seizures, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma

Sturge-Weber syndrome. Treat symptomatically.

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility

Kluver Bucy Syndrome (amygdala)

Antibiotics with teratogenic effects

Tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides

Cause of amenorrhea with normal prolactin, no response to estrogen progesterone challenge, and a history of D and C

Asherman's syndrome (intrauterine adhesions)

Indications for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy

Patient stable, unruptured,

MOA of danazol, clomiphene, leuprolide

Danazol: estrogen antagonist Clomiphene: Inhibits estrogen receptors in hypothalamus Leuprolide: GnRH agonist

Most common cause of bloody nipple discharge

Intraductal papilloma

Paget's disease of the breast

Underlying ductal carcinoma in situ

Most common cause of infertility

Endometriosis

A newborn with a posterior neck mass and swelling of the hands

Turner syndrome

A 5 month old girl has decreased head growth, truncal discoordination, and decreased social interaction

Rett's disorder. Loss of milestones.

Med to avoid in patients with PTSD

Benzos (due to high addiction potential)

A violent patient has vertical and horizantal nystagmus

PCP intoxication

Honeycomb patter on CXR. Treatment?

Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Supportive care; steroids may help.

Treatment for SVC syndrome

Radiation

"doughy" skin

Hypernatremia

First line treatment for hypercalcemia

IV hydration (loop diuretics can be used for refractory cases if euvolemic)

Treatment of SIADH

Fluid restriction, demeclocycline if refractory

Treatment for malignant hypertension

Nitroprusside

A burn patient presents with cherry red flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal, but carboxyhemoglbin is elevated. Treatment?

Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2

Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients

Parkland formula: 24 hour fluids=4xkgx%BSA

Acceptable urine output

30 cc/hr in a stable patient, 50 cc/hr in a trauma patient

Barbiturate antidote

Urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal

Cyanide antidote

Hydroxycobalamin, amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate

Digitalis antidote

Normalize K+ and anti digitalis Fab

Iron antidote

Deferoxamine

Methanol/ethylene glycol antidote

Fomepizole or ETOH

Methemoglobin antidote

Methylene blue

Salicylates antidote

Urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal

TCA antidote

Sodium bicarb for QRS prolongation; diazepam or lorazepam for seizures; cardiac monitoring for arrythmias

tPA antidote

Aminocaproic acid

Black widow bite

Calcium gluconate (also used for hyperkalemia to stabilize heart)

Vitamin A deficiency

Night blindness, dry skin

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

Angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenate) deficiency

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency

Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia, neuro symptoms (subacute combined degeneration and others), glossitis

Vitamin C deficiency

Scurvy (swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing

Vitamin E deficiency

Increased fragility of RBCs

Biotin deficiency

Dermatitis, enteritis. Can be caused by ingestion of raw eggs or antibiotic use

Magnesium deficiency

Weakness, muscle cramps, exacerbation of hypocalcemic tetany, CNS hyperirritability leading to tremors, choreoathetoid movement

Selenium deficiency

Keshan disease (cardiomyopathy)

Zinc deficiency

Alopecia, skin lesions, abnormal taste, impaired wound healing

Anti-CCP

Rheumatoid arthritis

Anticentromere

CREST

Antinuclear/anti-Scl-70/Antitopoisomerase I

Scleroderma

Antihistone

Drug-induced SLE

Anti-Jo-1

Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

Antimitochondrial

PBC

c-ANCA

Vasculitis, especially Wegener's

p-ANCA

Vasculitis, especially microscopic polyangiitis

Anti smooth muscle

Autoimmune hepatitis

Tumor marker in Breast cancer

CA-15-3 and CA-27-29

Tumor marker in ovarian cancer

CA-125

Tumor marker in pancreatic cancer

CA-19-9

Tumor marker in colon cancer

CEA

Tumor marker in HCC

AFP

Tumor marker of neural cest origin

S-100

Tumor marker of haircy cell leukemia

TRAP

Fatty casts

Nephrotic syndrome

Broad/waxy casts

Chronic renal failure

Endometritis Treatment

Clinda + Gent

Meningitis Treatment

Neonates: Amp + Gent 1 month-60 years: Vanc+3rd gen ceph 60 years and on: Vanc+3rd gen ceph+amp (for listeria

Chorioamnionitis

Amp+Gent

Induction of P450s

Quinidine, Barbiturates, St John's wort, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine

Inhibition of P450 enzymes

Cimetidine, ketoconazole, INH, grapefruit, erythromycin, sulfonamides, acetaminophen(?)

Difference between MM and Waldenstroms

Waldenstroms is a hyperviscosity syndrome with elevated levels of IgM

Anemia, renal failure, bone pain, hypercalcemia, infections, elevated monoclonal M proteins

Multiple Myeloma

Bone tumor XR appearances

Osteosarcoma: codman's triangle, sunburst pattern Ewing's Sarcoma: Onion skinning Giant Cell Tumor: Soap bubble

Chediak-Higashi

AR disorder that leads to a defect in neutrophil chemotaxis/microtuble polymerization. Syndrome of partial oculocutaneous albinism, peripheral neuropathy, and neutropenia

Job's syndrome

FATED: coarse facies, abscess (staph aureus), retained primary teeth, hyper IgE, dermatologic

C1 esterase deficiency

Recurrent angioedema

Terminal complement deficiency

Recurrent Neisseria infections

Symptoms of lead/Chelation for lead

Irritability, HA, hyperactivity or apathy, anorexia, intermittent abdominal pain, constipation, intermittent vomiting, and peripheral neuropathy EDTA

Hyperkalemia antidote

Calcium Gluconate (cardiac stabilizer)