Rapid Review: Obstetrics and Gynecology

Question 1

Primary causes of third trimester bleeding

Answer 1

Placental abruption and placental previa

Question 2

Classic ultrasound and gross apperance of complete hydatidiform mole

Answer 2

Snowstorm on ultrasound. “Cluster of grapes” on gross examination

Question 3

Chromosomal pattern of a complete mole.

Answer 3

46XX

Question 4

Molar pregnancy containing fetal tissue

Answer 4

Partial mole, 69 XXY

Question 5

Symptoms of placental abruption

Answer 5

Continuous, painful dark vaginal bleeding

Question 6

Symptoms of placenta previa

Answer 6

Self-limited, painless vaginal bleeding

Question 7

When should a vaginal exam be performed with suspected placenta previa?

Answer 7

Never

Question 8

Antibiotics with teratogenic effects

Answer 8

Tetracycline, fluoroquinoones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides

Question 9

Medication given to accelerate fetal lung maturity

Answer 9

Betamethasone or dexamethasone x 48 hours

Question 10

The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage

Answer 10

Uterine atony

Question 11

Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage

Answer 11

Uterine massage; if that fails, give oxytocin

Question 12

Typical antibiotics for GBS prophylaxis

Answer 12

IV penicillin or ampicillin

Question 13

A patient fails to lactate after an emergency C section with marked blood loss

Answer 13

Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis)

Question 14

Uterine bleeding at 18 weeks gestation; no products expelled; cervical os open

Answer 14

Inevitable abortion

Question 15

Uterine bleeding at 18 weeks gestation; no products expelled; cervical os closed

Answer 15

Threatened abortion

Question 16

The first test to perform when a woman presents with amenorrhea

Answer 16

B-hCG

Question 17

Term for heavy bleeding during and between menstrual periods

Answer 17

Menometrorrhagia

Question 18

Cause of amenorrhea with normal prolactin, no response to estrogen progesterone challenge, and a history of D and C

Answer 18

Asherman’s syndrome (intrauterine adhesions)

Question 19

Therapy for PCOS

Answer 19

Weight loss and OCPs. Consider metformin. Clomiphene for ovulation

Question 20

Medication to induce ovulation

Answer 20

Clomiphene citrate

Question 21

Diagnostic step required in a postmenopausal woman who presents with vaginal bleeding

Answer 21

Endometrial biopsy

Question 22

Indications for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 22

Patient stable; unruptured ectopic pregnancy of

Question 23

Medical options for endometriosis

Answer 23

OCPs, danazol, GnRH agonists

Question 24

Laparoscopic findings in endometriosis

Answer 24

Powder burns, “chocolate cysts”

Question 25

The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 25

Ampulla of the oviduct

Question 26

How to diagnose and follow a leiomyoma

Answer 26

US

Question 27

Natural history of a leiomyoma

Answer 27

Regresses after menopause

Question 28

A patient has increased vaginal discharge and petechial patches in the upper vagina and cervix

Answer 28

Trichomonal vaginitis

Question 29

Treatment for BV

Answer 29

Oral or topical metronidazole

Question 30

The most common cause of bloody nipple discharge

Answer 30

Intraductal papilloma

Question 31

Contraceptive methods that protect against PID

Answer 31

OCPs and barrier contraception

Question 32

Unopposed estrogen is contraindicated in which cancers

Answer 32

Endometrial or estrogen receptor + breast cancer

Question 33

A patient presents with recent PID with RUQ pain

Answer 33

Consider Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Question 34

Breast malignancy presenting as itching, burning, and erosion of the nipple

Answer 34

Paget's disease

Question 35

Annual screening for women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer

Answer 35

CA-125 and transvaginal US

Question 36

A 50 year old woman leaks urine when laughing or coughing. Nonsurgical options?

Answer 36

Kegel exercises, estrogen, pessaries for stress incontinence

Question 37

A 30 year old woman has unpredictable urine loss. Exam is normal. Medical options?

Answer 37

Anticholinergics (oxybutynin) or B adrenergics (metaproterenol) for urge incontinence.

Question 38

Lab values suggestive of menopause

Answer 38

Increased serum FSH

Question 39

The most common cause of female infertility

Answer 39

Endometriosis

Question 40

Two consecutive findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined signiicancce on Pap smear. Follw up eval?

Answer 40

Colposcopy and endocervical curettage

Question 41

Breast cancer type that increases the future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts

Answer 41

Lobular carcinoma in situ.