Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation

Question 1

a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on humans

Answer 1

Hazards

Question 2

the negative effect resulting from a naturally occurring event

Answer 2

Disaster

Question 3

when the hazardous threat actually happens and harms humans

Answer 3

Natural Disaster

Question 4

• generated from rocks breaking along a fault, producing seismic waves
• buildings can be damaged

Answer 4

Ground Shaking

Question 5

used to tell the size of an earthquake

Answer 5

Richter Magnitude Scale

Question 6

the change of level of the ground that a structure is settling on

Answer 6

Subsidence

Question 7

• how far the surface moves during an earthquake
• can move objects fixed on the ground
• structures can be seriously damaged or ripped apart

Answer 7

Ground Displacement

Question 8

submerging on an area underwater

Answer 8

Flooding

Question 9

• huge waves of water caused by earthquakes
• capable of doing enormous damage to coastlines

Answer 9

Tsunamis

Question 10

• only a few feet high and they occur in lakeside areas
• smaller tsunamis

Answer 10

Seiches

Question 11

• soil breaks off resulting to falling rocks and debris
• can collide with people and property or block off roads and utility lines

Answer 11

Earthquake-Induced Landslides

Question 12

• swift moving mixture of water and soil
• common in areas with rich soil but little vegetation

Answer 12

Mudflows

Question 13

• mixture of soil and groundwater, developing a quicksand consistency
• can drag down the structures situated on the ground due to lack of support

Answer 13

Liquefaction

Question 14

• molten rocks exit from volcanic vents
• its consistency varies depending on the composition

Answer 14

Lava Flows

Question 15

• mixtures of pulverized rock, ash, and hot gases that move at hundreds of miles per hour
• up to 400 degrees

Answer 15

Pyroclastic Flows

Question 16

• also called volcanic fallout
• Tephra is ejected from a volcanic vent and falls

Answer 16

Pyroclastic Falls

Question 17

volcanic ash and rock

Answer 17

Tephra

Question 18

• mud flow with volcanic debris
• can bury and bulldoze objects in their path

Answer 18

Lahars

Question 19

• carbon dioxide
• sulfur dioxide
• flourine gas

Answer 19

Volcanic Gases

Question 20

can displace oxygen and suffocate

Answer 20

Carbon Dioxide

Question 21

can form sulfuric acid with water vapor

Answer 21

Sulfur Dioxide

Question 22

corrosive and poisonous gas

Answer 22

Flourine Gas

Question 23

• seasonal change in wind and rain patterns observed in certain parts of the world
• changes are by seasonal shifts in temperature between ocean and land
• winds blowing from the cooler oceans into the hotter landmass

Answer 23

Monsoons

Question 24

• heavy rainfall, humid climate
• Warm and moist air from the Indian Ocean is blow towards SEA

Answer 24

Summer Monsoon

Question 25

- cooler climate, dry season - cooler air from land is blown to a warmer SEA

Answer 25

Winter Monsoon

Question 26

- water is pushed towards the shore by strong winds from the storm - can raise water levels and generate tidal waves

Answer 26

Storm Surge

Question 27

- rapid flood, begins after a few minutes or hours of excessive flooding

Answer 27

Flash Flooding

Question 28

- flooding in urban areas - caused by woodlands and fields converted to roads

Answer 28

Urban Flooding

Question 29

- the wearing away and breaking up of rock along the coast

Answer 29

Coastal Erosion

Question 30

- sand is submersed in water during a storm, then replaced back to its original position after the storm

Answer 30

Submersion

Question 31

- movement of saline water into freshwater - can lead to contamination of drinking water sources

Answer 31

Salt water intrusion

Question 32

- reducing the source of the problem - taking steps to reduce the cause

Answer 32

Mitigation

Question 34

- adjusting to expected changed from these problems

Answer 34

Adaptation