HD2 Revision4 Flashcards

Question

which of following is C? ``` LH FSH Oestrogen Progesterone Testosterone ```

Answer 1

which of following is C? ``` **LH** FSH Oestrogen Progesterone Testosterone ```

Answer 2

which of following is B? ``` LH FSH Oestrogen **Progesterone** Testosterone ```

Answer 3

which of following is D? ``` LH **FSH** Oestrogen Progesterone Testosterone ```

Answer 4

the emergency pill causes a big bleed because of an increased level of: ``` LH FSH oestrogen **progesterone** ADH ```

Answer 5

which hormone initiates milk production? ``` **prolactin** FSH oestrogen oxytocin progesterone ```

Answer 6

which hormones inhibit secretrory acitivity of mammary tissue? ``` prolactin FSH **oestrogen** oxytocin **progesterone** ``` **lactogensis occurs by fall in ^^ levels**

Answer 7

FSH and LH fall, **the corpus luteum degenerates** Degeneration of the corpus luteum results in **loss of progesterone production.** The subsequent falling level of **progesterone triggers menstruation and the entire cycle begins again**

Answer 8

which of the following is the cytotrophoblast? A **B** C

Answer 9

which of the following is the will develop into a blastocyst? A B **C**

Answer 10

which of the following is the syncytiotrophoblasts ? **A** B C

Answer 11

**testosterone and androgen binding protein** ## Footnote * - Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates FSH & LH from AP - LH stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells* * •Main target of testosterone and pituitary FSH are Sertoli cells* * •Sertoli cells then secrete androgen binding protein (ABP) and tubular fluid* * •ABP binds to testosterone & carries it to area of seminiferous tubule where it stimulates spermatogenesis*

Answer 12

which of the following is the sertoli cell? ``` 1 3 **4** 7 8 ```

Answer 13

which of the following is the mature sperm? ``` 1 3 4 **7** 8 ```

Answer 14

sertoli cells

Answer 15

**cytotrophoblasts** (after invading through syncytiotrophoblasts) **replaces the endothelium and smooth muscl**e of the arteries with themselves (i.e. trophoblasts).

Answer 16

Syncytiotrophoblasts secrete hCG as soon as implantation has occurred1

Answer 17

If fertilisation and implantation occurs: - what happens to the corpus luteum (due to which hormone) [2] * *corpus luteum does not degenerate; due to hCG** - what happens to progestorone levels (and why) [2] * *maintained bc of maintence of corpus luteum -\> turns into deicuda**

Answer 18

A: **oestrogen** B: **progesterone** C: **hCG**

Answer 19

describe the levels of hCH during pregnancy [1] **peaks at 8 weeks then drops** what is the luteal:placental shift? [1] what does it signify? [1] **when hCG levels drop and cross over with progesterone - hCG is replaced by progestorone**

Answer 20

**The umbilical vein,** coming back from the placenta, will be **oxygenated** and therefore red which is unlike veins **2 umbilical arteries** which is the **waste** and **CO2**,etc from the baby being delivered to the placenta.

Answer 21

``` male = **leydig cells** female = **stromal cells** ```

Answer 22

which hormone controls the formation of external genitalia? ``` testosterone MIF **DHT** cHG LH ```

Answer 23

A: **transversalis fascia** B: **transversus abdominis** C: **internal oblique** D: **External oblique**

Answer 24

which site of action does the combined hormonal contraception work at? ``` **ovary** endometrium cervix fundus fallopian tube ```

Answer 25

1. Engage 2. Flex and descend 3. Full dilatation 4. Internal rotation then extension 5. External rotation 6. Expulsion

Answer 26

Major problems with development should be detected before the age of: ``` 1 years 2 years 3 years **4 years** 5 years ```

Answer 27

piriformis

Answer 28

_Which congenital heart defect can be identified in this image?_ Patent foramen ovale Atrial septal defect **Patent ductus arteriosus** Ventricular septal defect Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 29

what is the cell indicated? 1. mesothelial cell **2. syncytiotrophoblast** 3. mesenchymal cell 4. cytotrophoblast 5. endothelial cell 6. decidual cell

Answer 30

which cells are indicated by the } 1. pellucidal cells 2. theca externa cells 3. fibroblasts **4. theca interna cells** 5. granulosa cells 6. granulosa lutein cells 7. theca lutein cells ## Footnote **In the ovary, the first layer of stromal cells that organise around the growing follicle is called the Feedback: theca interna. These theca interna cells help to synthesise estrogens.**

Answer 31

This is an organ of the male reproductive system. The structures cut in cross section here are lined by ``` acinar glandular epithelium 2. germinal epithelium 3. simple cuboidal epithelium 4. stratified columnar epithelium 5. stratified cuboidal epithelium **6. pseudostratified columnar epithelium** 7. stratified squamous epithelium ```

Answer 32

This is a diagram of the mature placenta and associated maternal structures. What is indicated by A? 1. chorion 2. amnion 3. stratum basalis of the endometrium 4. decidua capsularis 5. myometrium * *6. decidua basalis The decidua basalis is the maternal part of the placenta derived from the endometrial tissue where the embryo implanted.**

Answer 33

What is the name of the fetal shunt shown in the diagram? 1. umbilical vein **2. foramen ovale** 3. ductus venosus 4. ductus ateriosus 5. ligamentum teres

Answer 34

what type of hernia is shown here? 1. Indirect inguinal hernia **2. Direct inguinal hernia** 3. Femoral hernia 4. Incisional hernia 5. Congenital inguinal hernia

Answer 35

In this sagittal section of the female pelvis, which of the labelled structures is mainly supplied by the gonadal artery? C D E **F** H **In this sagittal section of the female pelvis, the structure labelled F is an ovary and is mainly supplied by the gonadal artery. The ovarian artery is the main arterial supply to the gonads in females.**

Answer 36

_What is the structure labelled B?_ **Vas deferens** Prostate Internal urethral orifice Ureter Seminal vesicle

Answer 37

_Which of the following relaxes pubic symphysis during labour?_ Oxytocin Oestrogen **Progesterone** Androstenedione Vasopressin

Answer 38

_Venous blood from which structure is drained into A?_ Right ovary Right testicle **Left testicle** Right kidney Spleen **Venous blood from the left testicle is drained via the left testicular vein into the left renal vein. However, the right testicular vein drains directly into the IVC, whereas the left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein, before the IVC is reached. Compression of the left renal vein can thus impede venous blood drainage from the left testicle, possibly resulting in a varicocoele.**

Answer 39

``` A. perineal body B. bulbospongiosus **C. greater vestibular (Bartholin's) gland** D. Cowper's gland E. crus of clitoris ```

Answer 40

Ovary: What type of follicle is labelled A? ``` 1. Secondary (antral) 2. Primordial **3. Growing** 4. Atretic 5. Primary 6. Graafian ``` **Having several layers of granulosa cells, this is a growing follicle. There is no antrum.**

Answer 41

What is A? ``` **A. vas deferens** B. ejaculatory duct C. testicular artery D. spermatic cord E. ilioinguinal nerve F. genitofemoral nerve ```

Answer 42

Identify A on this lateral view of the penis and testes ``` **A. epididymis** B. external spermatic fascia C. Buck's fascia D. tunica vaginalis E. pampiniform (venous) plexus ```

Answer 43

In this diagram of a growing placenta (~21 days), the large black arrow indicates the 1. Extraembryonic mesoderm 2. Stratum basalis of the endometrium 3. Decidua basalis 4. Syncytiotrophoblast 5. Trophoblastic lacuna * *6. Cytotrophoblast shell**

Answer 44

What type of cell is indicated in this growing placental villus? 1. Simple cuboidal epithelial cell 2. Syncytiotrophoblast 3. Erythrocyte 4. Mesenchymal cell * *5. Cytotrophoblast** 6. Decidual cell **Cytotrophoblast cells extend out of the villus to form branches in the lacunae and also when invading into the endometrium. The cytotrophoblast cells are stained brown in this preparation. If in contact with maternal blood, the surface becomes covered by syncytiotrophoblast.**

Answer 45

Testis: What cell is indicated by the arrows? **1. Spermatocyte** 2. Spermatid (late) 3. Spermatid (early) 4. Spermatogonia **Primary spermatocytes are cells with large nuclei fairly close to the bottom of the seminiferous tubule but above the spermatogonia (which have more condensed nuclei).**

Answer 46

Identify A ``` A. rectovesical pouch **B. seminal vesicles** C. epididymis D. prostate gland E. Cowper's gland F. urethra ```

Answer 47

``` What is A? **1. left testicular vein** 2. ureter 3. left testicular artery 4. inferior mesenteric artery 5. inferior mesenteric vein ```

Answer 48

what is A? * *1. ureter** 2. ovarian artery 3. ovarian vein 4. inferior mesenteric artery 5. renal artery

Answer 49

``` What is A? **1. sphincter urethrae** 2. prostate gland 3. internal urethral sphincter 4. bulbosponiosus 5. detruser muscle ```

Answer 50

What is the structure labelled A? ``` External iliac artery Lateral sacral artery Superior gluteal artery **Inferior gluteal artery** Internal iliac artery ``` ``` Other labelled structures (in this image): A → Superior gluteal artery B → External iliac artery C → Lateral sacral artery D → Inferior gluteal artery E → Internal iliac artery ```

Answer 51

Which of the following hormones is responsible for maintaining this morphology? ``` LH FSH Oestrogen **Progesterone** hCG ```

Answer 52

Which of the following structures is affected by B9 deficiency? ``` **A** B C D E ```