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Mariam Anatomy Year 2 > Head and Neck 5 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 5 Flashcards

1
Q

To which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly?

A

Pharynx

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2
Q

What does the larynx continue as inferiorly?

A

Trachea

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3
Q

What is A?

A

Hyoid bone

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4
Q

What is B?

A

Epiglottis

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5
Q

What is C?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

What is D?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What is E?

A

Epiglottis

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8
Q

What is F?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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9
Q

What is G?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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10
Q

What is H?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

Prominance on which cartilage makes the “Adam’s apple”?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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12
Q

Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring shape?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

What is the space between the laryngeal cartilages occupied by?

A

Dense connective tissue membranes

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14
Q

What is A?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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15
Q

What is B?

A

Cricothyroid membrane

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16
Q

What is C?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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17
Q

What is D?

A

Cricothyroid membrane

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18
Q

What is E?

A

Vocal fold with vocal cord

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19
Q

What structures form the laryngeal inlet?

A

Epiglottis

Corniculate cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

Aryepiglottic fold

Interarytenoid fold

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20
Q

The lumen of the larynx can be divided into 3 parts, what are these?

A

Vestibule - area between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds (or false vocal cords)

Middle part - lies between vestibular folds and the true vocal cords

Lower part - extends from vocal cords to lower border of cricoid cartilage

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21
Q

Which one is the true vocal cords?

A

A

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22
Q

What do intrinsic muscles of the larynx control?

A

Movement of the vocal folds as well as controlling the diameter of the laryngeal inlet

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23
Q

What can the laryngeal intrinsic muscles do to the vocal cords?

A

Make them tighten, or relax,

and to be abducted or adducted (from the midline and each other)

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24
Q

What is A?

A

Epiglottis

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25
Q

What is B?

A

Vestibule of larynx

26
Q

What is C?

A

Vestibular fold

27
Q

What is D?

A

Interglottic space

28
Q

What is E?

A

Vocal fold

29
Q

What is F?

A

Intraglottic space

30
Q

Nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx is from what?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (arises from CN X and has a different course on each side)

except for cricothyroid muscle (which is from superior laryngeal nerve, branch of CN X)

31
Q

What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?

A

Unable to control vocal cords/wheeze

32
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

33
Q

When are the vocal cords abducted?

A

Normal respiration

34
Q

When are the vocal cords fully abducted?

A

Rapid breathing such as after exercise

35
Q

When are the focal cords adducted?

A

Speaking/singing

36
Q

The roof of the nasopharynx is formed from what?

A

Sphenoid bone

37
Q

In relation to the larynx, the pharynx is?

A

Posterior

38
Q

What prevents the bolus from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?

A

Uvula and soft palate

39
Q

What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

40
Q

What are the layers of the pharynx?

A

1) Outer circular muscular layer
2) Inner longitudinal muscular layer
3) Middle fibrous layer
4) Inner mucous membrane

41
Q

What is the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?

A

Three constrictor (superior, middle and inferior) muscles

42
Q

What is the inner longitidual muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?

A

Stylophayngeus

Salpingopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

43
Q

What is A?

A

Superior constrictor

44
Q

What is B?

A

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

45
Q

What is C?

A

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

46
Q

What is D?

A

Oesophagus

47
Q

What is E?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

48
Q

What is F?

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

49
Q

What is G?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

50
Q

What is H/

A

Buconator

51
Q

What is I?

A

Pterygo-mandibular ligament

52
Q

What is J?

A

Maxillary bone

53
Q

What does the pharynx receive innervation from?

A

Pharyngeal plexus

54
Q

What nerves from the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Branches of vagus (CN X) and glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

55
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the pharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

56
Q

What nerve supplies most of the motor innervation to the pharynx?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

57
Q

What is the role played by the constrictor muscles during swallowing?

A

Constrict walls of pharynx

58
Q

What is the role played by the longitudinal layer of muscles during swallowing?

A

Elevate (shorten and widen) pharynx and larynx

59
Q

What role is played by tongue and palate muscles during swallowing?

A

Propels bolus posteriorly and palate prevents entrance to nasopharynx

60
Q

What lymphoid tissue protects the entrance to the oropharynx?

A

Pharyngeal lymphoid ring (Waldeyer’s ring)

61
Q

What is the purpose of the pharyngeal lymphoid ring?

A

Primary defects against pathogens from mouth/nose

Mariam Anatomy Year 2 (21 decks)

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