MSK Anatomy Lower Limb 1 Flashcards by MLG .

a. anterior superior iliac spine
b. iliac crest
c. iliac fossa
d. pubic tubercle
e. pubic crest
f. obturator foramen
g. acetabular cavity
h. ischial spine
i. ischial tuberosity

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a. neck
b. lesser trochanter
c. lateral condyle
d. greater trochanter
e. medial condyle
f. head
g. intertrochanteric lin

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The two superficial veins of the lower limb are the

great saphenous vein and lesser saphenous vein

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Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?

Great saphenous vein

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Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus

Small saphenous vein

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Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

Great saphenous vein

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Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?

Small saphenous vein

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Name the lower limb lymph nodes

Superficial Inguinal

Deep Inguinal

Popliteal

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State the dermatomes of the lower limb

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Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint

Deeper socket, with stronger and bigger muscles and ligaments.

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What is the acetabular labrum?

Fibrocartilage that lines the acetabulum cavity

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Which part of the acetabular cavity does the labrum cover- and what is its function

All around besides inferior, to support compressive load

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Name ligaments of hip and function

1. iliofemoral- prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

2. pubofemoral- hyper abduction of the hip joint

3. ischiofemor - reinforces medial rotation

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The movements at the hip joint are:

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Internal Rotation
External Rotation
Circumduction (a combination of the above)

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Name hip flexor muscles

iliacus
Psoas major
pectineus

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iliacus

Hip flexor muscles

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Origin:

Iliac fossa

Insertion

Lesser trochanter of femur

Innervation

Femoral nerve (L1-L3)

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Psoas Major

Hip flexor muscles

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Origin

Vertebra

Insertion:

Lesser trochanter of femur as iliopsoas tendon

Innervation

Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3

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Pectineus

Hip flexor muscles

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Origin

Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line of pubis)

Insertion

Pectineal line of femur,

Innervation

Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
(Obturator nerve (L2, L3))

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What is the main extensor of the hip

Hamstring:

long head of biceps femoris,

semitendinosus

semimembranosus,

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Which compartment are the hip adductors located

Medial

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Name these muscles

Adductor longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus

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Hip Abductor Muscles

Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Piriformi

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Label these external rotator muscles

1) Piriformis
2) Obturator Internus
3) Obturator Externus
4) Superior and Inferior Gemelli
5) Quadratus Femoris

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Which muscle(s) are the medial rotators/internal of the hip joint?

gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor Fascia Lata

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Which muscle makes up the bulk of the anterior compartment

Quadriceps Femoris: ## Footnote 1. Rectus femoris 2. Vastus medialis 3. Vastus intermedius 4. Vastus lateralis

Which nerve innervates these anterior group muscles?

Femoral Nerve

What is the action of rectus femoris on the hip joint?

Hip flexion

To which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?

Tibia tuberosity

What are the 3 actions of sartorius on the hip joint?

1. flexion of hip 2. Abduction of hip 3. Laterally rotates the thigh at hip joint

How do the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh act on the hip joint?

adduction

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

obturator

Through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles enter the thigh?

Obturator Foramen

Label

1. adductor brevis 2. adductor magnus 3. adductor canal 4. adductor longus

What structures pass through the adductor canal

Femoral artery Femoral Vein Femoral Nerve

Which fossa do they enter after passing through this canal?

Popliteal fossa

Borders of the femoral traingle

Medial boundary: adductor longus muscle Lateral boundary: sartorius muscle. Base of the femoral triangle/ Superior border? inguinal (upper)

Which muscles form the vast proportion of the floor of the femoral triangle

1. Pectineus 2. Adductor longus

What are the 3 major structures present in the femoral triangle?

1. femoral nerve 2. femoral artery 3. femoral vein

What is th femoral sheath

Funnel shaped connective tissue tube which surrounds the proximal parts of femoral vessels (but not the nerve) and creates the femoral canal medial to them, which contains lymphatic vessels.

State the content sof each compartment of the femoral sheath

**Lateral** Femoral Artery **Intermediate** Femoral vein **Medial** Femoral canal

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

1. Fat and loose connective tissue 2. lymph nodes

Femoral artery is a branch of what

External iliac artery

Where does the femoral artery enter the thigh

midway between : anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis

Which vein is the femoral vein a continuation of

popliteal vein

Which two important veins drain into it in the femoral triangle?

1. profunda femoris vein 2. Greater saphenous vei

What is the abductor canal

Narrow conical tunnel located in the thigh and serves as a passageway from structures moving between the anterior thigh and posterior leg

Label the lumbar plexus

Main lower limb nerves

Femoral Obturator

Identify one main sensory nerve of the lumbar plexus supplying the lower limb

lateral cutaneous

What is the nerve root value of the motor nerves?

L2,3,4

What is the nerve root value of the sensory nerve?

L2,3

Label this

Label the ligaments of the pelvic girdle

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis

Greater (into gluteal region)

Which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving the perineum

Lesser

Name these muscles

What are the actions of gluteus maximus muscle?

extends and laterally rotates hip

What is the action of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae?

They are abducts and medial rotators of hip joint

Name the two muscles which connect to the iliotibial tract

tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus.

Function of iliotibial tract

stabilisation to the lateral aspect of the knee joint.

The sacral plexus lies on which muscle?

Piriformis

The sacral plexus is formed by the union of the ventral rami of spinal nerves

L 4, L5 and S 1 to S 4

Main sacral plexus branch to lower limb

sciatic nerve

Main sacral branch to perineum

pudendal nerve

What are the root values of the sciatic nerve?

L 4 to S 3

What is the action of the hamstring muscles on the hip and knee joint?

Hip joint extension Knee joint flexion

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5, S1,2

Which branch of the femoral artery contributes to the posterior muscle compartment blood supply?

Profunda femoris artery

Label these muscles

1. semimembranosus 2. semitendinosus 3. long head of biceps femoris 4. Short head of biceps femoris

**Bones** 1. patella 2. fibula 3. tibia 4. femur **Articular Surfaces** a. medial femoral condyle b. lateral femoral condyle c. lateral tibial condyle d. medial tibial condyle e. tibial tuberosity

Which is the most important muscle which helps to stabilize the knee joint?

Quadricep femoris

1. fibular collateral ligament/Lateral Collateral 2. tibial collateral ligament/ Medial Collateral 3. anterior cruciate ligament 4. posterior cruciate ligamen

Where does the tendon of the popliteus muscle pass

deep to the LCL, separating it from the lateral meniscus.

Where does the MCL attache to the meniscus

At its midpoint

Why is the attachment of the MCL to the medial meniscus clinically important?

Injury in the tibial collateral ligament leads to a reduced mobility in the medial meniscus

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents the femur from sliding ...... on the tibia.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents the femur from sliding **posteriorly** on the tibia.

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevents the femur from sliding......... on the tibia.

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia.

1. medial meniscus 2. Lateral meniscus 3. Anterior cruciate ligament 4. Posterior cruciate ligament

What are the main functions of the menisci

Lubricate, absorb shock and provide nutrients to the knee joint

Which meniscus firmly adheres to the deep surface of the tibial or medial collateral ligament?

The medial meniscus

Which movement of the knee causes the patella to move?

Flexion and extension

Label these bursas

1. subcutaneous prepatellar bursa 2. Deep infrapatellar bursa 3. Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint

Suprapatellar bursa

What is housemaid’s knee (pre-patellar bursitis)

Swelling of the prepatellar bursa due to too much kneeling

Muscles of knee flexion

Hamstring, gracilis, sartorius

Knee Extension

Quadriceps (vastus intermedius, lateralis, medialis), rectus femoralis

MSK Anatomy Lower Limb 1 Flashcards

(87 cards)