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Mariam Anatomy Year 2 > MSK Upper Limb 2 > Flashcards

MSK Upper Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Label the superficial & intetermidiate muscles of the anterior forearm

A
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2
Q

Where do the superficial forarm flexors originate

A

Medial epicondyl of the ulnar via the common flexor tendon

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3
Q

State the order of the superficial forearm flexors of the forearm from medial to lateral

A
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4
Q

What is the action of pronator teres?

A

Pronation of forearm

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5
Q

Apart from flexing the wrist, which superficial muscle is involved in abduction (radial deviation) of the wrist joint

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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6
Q

Apart from flexing the wrist, which superficial muscle is involved in adduction (ulnar deviation) of the wrist joint

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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7
Q

What nerve supplies the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Median Nerve:

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Digitorum superficialis

Pronator Teres

Ulnar Nerve:

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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8
Q

Where is the flexor digitum superficialis located

A

Lies immediately deep to the superficial group of flexors in the forearm and is seen as the only muscle on the intermediate group of the forearm

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9
Q

Origin

Insertion of FDS

Action

A

Origin:

Humeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: Proximal half of anterior border of radius

Insertion:

All fingers except thumb at the middle phalanx

Action:

Metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger flexion

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10
Q

State the bone names of the hand

A
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11
Q

Name the carpel bones

A
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12
Q

What is special about the brachioradialis

A

Only muscle in the anterior forearm which is not a flexor

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13
Q

Label the Deep Group of Muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm

A
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14
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Action:

Innervation:

A

Action:

Flexion of hand and both intephalangeal joints

Innervation:

Medial side (Ring and pinky) :

Ulnar Nerve

Lateral side:

Median Nerve

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15
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL) Innervation

Action

Innervation

A

Action:

Flexes thumb

Innervation

Median Nerve

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16
Q

Pronator Quadratus

Action

Innervation

A

Action:

Pronator at both the proximal and distal radioulnar joints.

Innervation:

Median Nerve

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Fill in the blanks:

The median nerve enters the forearm to the brachial artery.

It then heads under the muscle and passes down the forearm between the FDS and FDP.

It enters the carpal tunnel the flexor retinaculum.

A

The median nerve enters the forearm medial to the brachial artery. It then heads under the pronator teres muscle and passes down the forearm between the FDS and FDP.

It enters the carpal tunnel under the flexor retinaculum

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19
Q

Which muscle(s) does the median nerve not supply in the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

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20
Q

Fill in the blanks:

After passing posterior to the of the humerus the ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between the heads of

Both the ulnar nerve and ulnar artery descend close to each other down the medial aspect of the forearm

The ulnar nerve lies to the ulnar artery at the level of the wrist

A

After passing posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus the ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Both the ulnar nerve and ulnar artery descend close to each other down the medial aspect of the forearm

The ulnar nerve lies medial to the ulnar artery at the level of the wrist

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21
Q

What bones anchor the fibrous flexor reticulum?

A

The scaphoid and the trapezium on the lateral side

The pisiform and hamate bone on the medial side.

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22
Q

Contents of Carpal Tunnel

A

4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

1 tendon of pollicis longus

median Nerve

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23
Q

State the 5 compartments of the hand

A

1) Thenar compartment
2) Hypothenar compartment
3) Lumbricals and long flexor tendons – central compartment
4) Adductor compartment
5) Interosseous compartmen

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24
Q

State the thenar muscles

A

· Abductor pollicis brevis (APB)

· Flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)

· Opponens pollicis (OP)

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25
Q

Nerve supply of thennar compartment

A

Median Nerve (C8, T1)

Except the deep belly of FPB- ulnar

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26
Q

State the Hypothenar Muscles

A

· Abductor digiti minimi

· Flexor digiti minimi

· Opponens digiti minimi

27
Q

Nerve supply of hypothenar

A

Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1)

28
Q

Muscles of the central compartment

Innervation

A
  1. flexor digitorum profundus
  2. flexor digitorum superficialis
  3. Flexor pollicis longus
  4. Lumbricals (4 which originate in the hand)
29
Q

Functions of Lumbricals

A

Flex the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints

extend the interphalangeal joint of 2nd to 5th digits.

30
Q

Innervation of lumbricals

A

The medial two lumbricals are innervated by ulnar nerve and the lateral two are innervated by median nerve.

31
Q

Abductor Pollicus Brevis

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

Origin:

  • *Transverse head:** Palmar base of metacarpal bone 3
  • *Oblique head:** Capitate bone, palmar bases of metacarpal bones 2 & 3

Insertion:

Medial base of proximal phalanx 1 (via ulnar sesamoid bone)

Action:

Adducts the thumb

32
Q

How many interossei muscles are there and whats their innervation and action

A

4 dorsal

3 Palmar

Innervation:

Ulnar Nerve (T1)

Action:

Dorsal- abduct

Palmar- adduct

DAB and PAD

33
Q

Which artery is the main contributor of the deep palmar arch

A

Radial

34
Q

Which artery is the main contributor of superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar Artery

35
Q

Label

A
36
Q
A
37
Q

What sits between the ulna and the carpal bones?

A

Articular disk (condyloid joint)

38
Q

Which carpel bone does the radius articulate with

A

scaphoid and lunate

39
Q

What type of fluid is found between the forearm and carpal bones?

A

synovial

40
Q

Flexion of the wrist joint is caused by contraction of the muscles in the ……….

A

Anterior compartment

41
Q

Extension of the wrist joint is caused by contraction of the muscles in the ……..

A

Posterior compartment

42
Q

The combined action of flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris cause ………..or ……….. of the wrist

A

The combined action of flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris cause ulnar deviation or adduction of the wrist

43
Q

Which muscles are responsible for radial deviation or abduction of the wrist

A

flexor and extensor carpi radialis

44
Q

Circumduction of the joint is the rotation of the wrist using a combination of what

A

Flexor and extensor carpi radialis and ulnaris

45
Q

Name the bones in the hand (all of them) as well as the joints of the fingers

A
46
Q

Groups of the muscles of the posterior forearm

A

1) Muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint
2) Muscles that extend the medial four digits
3) Muscles that extend or abduct the thumb

47
Q

Label

A
48
Q

What are the muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

49
Q

What is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis on the wrist joint?

A

They both extend and abduct the wrist joint.

50
Q

What other action are they involved with the help of flexor carpi radialis?

A

They cause radial deviation of the wrist

51
Q

What are the muscles that extend the medial four digits

A

Extensor digitorum

Extensor indicis

Extensor digiti minimi

52
Q

Label

A
53
Q

What are the muscles that extend or abduct the thumb

A

Abductor pollicis longus (APL)

Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)

54
Q

Summerise the innervation and action for these muscles

A
55
Q

Name the 2 branches of the radial nerve as it leaves the cubital fossa

A

Deep branch (aka posterior interosseus nerve)

Superficial branch (purely sensory)

56
Q

Label these branches of the radial nerve

A
57
Q

What is this

A

Extensor retinaculum

58
Q
A
59
Q

Borders of the anatomical snuff box

A

Medial border (1 tendon)

Extensor pollicis longus tendon

Lateral Border (2 tendons)

Tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

Floor (2 carpal bones)

scaphoid and trapezium

60
Q

Which artery can you feel pulsating on its floor?

A

Radial artery

61
Q

Innervation and action

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis longu

A

Extensor pollicis longus - Extends wrist and distal phalanx of thumb

Extensor pollicis brevis - Extends wrist and proximal phalanx of thumb

Abductor pollicis longus - Extend wrist and abduct thumb

All Innervated by posterior intersosseus nerve (radial nerve)

62
Q
A
63
Q

Which muscles attach onto the extensor expansion?

A
  1. lumbricals
  2. extensor digitorum brevis
  3. dorsal interosseous
  4. Palmar interosseous
64
Q
A

Mariam Anatomy Year 2 (21 decks)

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