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Mariam Anatomy Year 2 > Urinary 1 > Flashcards

Urinary 1 Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Where do the kidneys lie?

A

In the paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebrae T12-L3

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2
Q

Besides what vertebrae do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

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3
Q

What plane does the hilus of the kidney lie on?

A

Transpyloric plane

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4
Q

What is the hilus of the kidney?

A

Part on the medial concave border of the kidney through which blood vessels and the ureter enter/leave the substance of the kidney

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5
Q

At what vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie?

A

L1

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6
Q

Which kidney is lower and why?

A

Right kidney due to the liver

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7
Q

What is the covering of the kidneys called?

A

Fascial coverings of the kidneys

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8
Q

What 4 layers enclose each kidney (fascial of the kidneys)?

A

Fibrous renal capsule

Fatty renal capsule

Renal fascia (fibro-fatty tissue)

Pararenal fatty tissue (mainly on the posterior aspect of the kidney)

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9
Q

What is A?

A

Kidney

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10
Q

What is B?

A

Renal capsule

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11
Q

What is C?

A

Perirenal fat

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12
Q

What is D?

A

Renal fascia

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13
Q

What is E?

A

Pararenal fat

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14
Q

What is the significance of having fatty tissue around the kidney?

A

Protection

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15
Q

What are the posterior relations (muscles) to the kidneys?

A

Diaphragm

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

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16
Q

What is A?

A

Diaphragm

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17
Q

What is B?

A

Psoas major

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18
Q

What is C?

A

Quadratus lumborum

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19
Q

What is the consequence of the close relation between the kidneys and the diaphragm?

A

They move during respiration

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20
Q

Are the kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal, along with the rest of the urinary tract

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21
Q

What are two parts of the GI tract that are retroperitoneal?

A

Pancreas

Ascending/descending colon

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22
Q

What is the anterior surface of the kidneys related to?

A

Viscera of the GI system

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23
Q

What is the anterior relation to 1 on the right kidney?

A

Suprarenal gland

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24
Q

What is the anterior relation to 2 on the right kidney?

A

Liver

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25
What is the anterior relation to 3 on the right kidney?
Duodenum
26
What is the anterior relation to 4 on the right kidney?
Colon
27
What is the anterior relation to 5 on the right kidney?
Jejenum
28
What is the anterior relation to 1 on the left kidney?
Suprarenal gland
29
What is the anterior relation to 2 on the left kidney?
Stomach
30
What is the anterior relation to 3 on the left kidney?
Spleen
31
What is the anterior relation to 4 on the left kidney?
Pancreas
32
What is the anterior relation to 5 on the left kidney?
Small bowel
33
What is the anterior relation to 6 on the left kidney?
Left colic flexure
34
Part of the kidneys are peritonised, what does this depend on?
If the organ that lies on that part of the kidney is peritonised then the kidney below it is also peritonised If the organ is retroperitonised then the kidney below it will not be peritonised
35
Describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply to the kidneys?
Sympathetic - T12 and L1, pass through coeliac ganglia and along renal artery to the organ Parasympathetic - vagus nerve
36
Lymph from the kidneys are drained to where?
Para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries (L1)
37
What is A?
Renal cortex
38
What is B?
Renal medulla
39
What is C?
Renal papilla
40
What is D?
Renal pyramids
41
What is E?
Renal columns
42
What is F?
Fibrous capsule
43
What is G?
Minor calyx
44
What is H?
Major calyx
45
What is I?
Ureter
46
What is J?
Renal pelvis
47
What is K?
Renal vein
48
What is L?
Renal artery
49
What is M?
Hilum
50
What are some parts within the medulla?
Renal pyramid Calyx Ureter Renal pelvis Hilum of the kidney
51
What does this image show?
Kidney
52
What is A?
Cortex of kidney
53
What is B?
Medulla of kidney
54
What is A?
Glomurular capilarries
55
What is B?
Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
56
What is C?
Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
57
What is D?
Bowman's space
58
What does this show?
Renal corpuscle
59
What does this show?
Nephron
60
What is A?
Cortex
61
What is B?
Medulla
62
What is C?
Collecting duct
63
What is D?
Loop of Henle
64
What is E?
Collecting tubule
65
What is F?
Distal convulated tubule
66
What is G?
Renal corpuscle
67
What is H?
Proximal convulated tubule
68
What is I?
Capsule
69
What does this show?
Renal corpuscle
70
What is A?
Glomerulus
71
What is B?
Bowman's capsule (space)
72
Filtration of blood plasma takes place where?
Renal corpuscle
73
Renal corpuscles are always found where?
Renal cortex
74
After leaving the renal corpuscle, the filtrate passes through the renal tubule in what order?
1) Proximal convulated tubule (in the renal cortex) 2) Loop of Henle (in the medulla) 3) Distal convulated tubule (in thhe renal cortex) 4) Collecting tubule (in the medulla) 5) Collecting duct (in the medulla)
75
Where is the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule found?
Close to renal corpuscle, in a structure known as the juxtaglomerular complex
76
What lies between the visceral and parietal layers of Bowman's capsule?
Bowman's space
77
At what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta?
L1/L2
78
What happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidney?
Divides into 5 branches
79
What consequence does the relationship between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava have on the renal arteries and veins?
Left renal vein travels anterior to aorta and is long, while right renal vein travels direct and is short Conversely, right renal artery travels posterior to inferior vena cava and is long, left renal artery travels direct and is short
80
What vein travels up from the pelvis and drains into the left renal vein?
Left gonadal vein
81
What is A?
Left gonadal vein
82
What is B?
Right gonadal vein
83
Is the ureter retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
84
What is the ureter?
A distensible muscular tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder
85
In what cavities does the ureter lie?
Proximal portion - abdominal cavity Distal portion - pelvic cavity
86
What does the ureter commence as?
Dilated portion called the renal pelvis
87
Where does the renal pelvis lie in relationt to the renal vessels?
Posterior
88
What does the ureter lie on as it descends?
Psoas major
89
What is the path of the ureter from kidney to bladder?
Descends along psoas major -\> cross anterior to bifurcation of common iliac artery -\> courses along lateral wall of pelvis -\> turns medially to reach bladder
90
In a male, what crosses the ureter superiorly?
Ductus (vas) deferens
91
In a female, what crosses the ureter superiorly?
uterine artery
92
What are the 3 constrictors in the ureters where calculi (stones) often lodge?
1) Origin 2) Pelvic brim 3) Vesiculo-ureteric junction
93
Which part of the bladder does the ureter enter?
Lateral aspect in oblique manner
94
From which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?
Urinary meatus
95
Embryologically, what is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?
Urachus
96
What kind of tissue makes up the walls of the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelium
97
What is the bony joint immediately anterior to the urinary bladder?
Pubic symphysis
98
What symptoms can be present if a bladder is enlarged and reaches into the abdominal cavity?
Difficulty urinating
99
What is the relation between the peritoneal and the urinary bladder?
Parietal peritoneum from the inferior part of abdominal wall drapes over superior surface of urinary bladder and dips behind posterior surface to form peritoneal pouches
100
What kind of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and ureter?
Transitional epithelium
101
What is the advantage of transitional epithelium lining the ureter and urinary bladder?
Does not allow leakage
102

Mariam Anatomy Year 2 (21 decks)

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