head and neck anatomy

Question 1

proper name for adam’s apple

Answer 1

thyroid cartilage

Question 2

which veins lie lateral to the common carotid arteries

Answer 2

internal jugular veins

Question 3

which nerve lies between the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein?

Answer 3

vagus

Question 4

at what level is the lower border of the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 4

C6

Question 5

which 2 junctions are at the level of C6?

Answer 5

junction of larynx and trachea

junction of pharynx and oesophagus

Question 6

which striated neck muscle is contained within the superficial fascia?

Answer 6

platysma

Question 7

platysma muscle extends from — to —

Answer 7

from the region of the clavicle, deltoid and pectoralis major
to the mandible

Question 8

nerve supply of the platysma muscle

Answer 8

cervical branch of the facial nerve

Question 9

3 muscles connecting sternum, hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

Answer 9

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

Question 10

muscle extending between hyoid and scapula

Answer 10

omohyoid

Question 11

the 4 infrahyoid/ strap muscles

Answer 11

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid

Question 12

nerve supply of the infrahyoid/ strap muscles

Answer 12

ansa cervicalis

Question 13

what is the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 13

loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus from C1, C2, C3

Question 14

right common carotid is a branch of the…

Answer 14

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 15

where does the left common carotid branch from?

Answer 15

direct branch from arch of aorta

Question 16

at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, the common carotid arteries divide into…

Answer 16

the internal and external carotid arteries

Question 17

5 things the carotid sheath encloses…

Answer 17

common carotid artery
internal carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 18

3 things the internal jugular vein drains

Answer 18

pharyngeal veins
facial veins
thyroid veins

Question 19

the internal jugular vein starts at the base of the skull as a continuation of the…

Answer 19

sigmoid venous sinus

Question 20

internal jugular veins terminates behind which joint?

Answer 20

sternoclavicular

Question 21

internal jugular terminates by joining the —- to form the —-

Answer 21

joins the subclavian vein

to form the brachiocephalic vein

Question 22

superior vena cava formed from left and right…

Answer 22

brachiocephalic veins

Question 23

how many groups of cervical ganglia?

Answer 23

3: superior, middle, inferior

Question 24

the sympathetic trunk is embedded on the posterior wall of what?

Answer 24

carotid sheath

Question 25

what is the level of the superior cervical ganglion?

Answer 25

C2, C3

Question 26

what is the level of the middle cervical ganglion?

Answer 26

C6

Question 27

what is the level of the inferior cervical ganglion?

Answer 27

neck of the 1st rib

Question 28

what are the white and grey rami?

Answer 28

communicating branches between spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunk

Question 29

reason for different colouration in white/grey rami

Answer 29

more myelination of nerve fibres in white rami

Question 30

what is the inferior cervical ganglion often fused with? | and together, what do they form?

Answer 30

the 1st thoracic ganglion | the stellate ganglion

Question 31

what is the preganglionic input to the cervical ganglia?

Answer 31

upper thoracic white rami

Question 32

2 groups of superficial cervical lymph nodes and their locations

Answer 32

anterior - along anterior jugular vein | superficial - along external jugular vein

Question 33

2 deep groups of superficial cervical lymph nodes and their location

Answer 33

superior deep inferior deep both mostly along the internal jugular vein

Question 34

which lymph nodes form terminal group for all lymphatics in head and neck?

Answer 34

deep cervical nodes

Question 35

which group of lymph nodes is known as the jugulodigastric nodes and is closely related to the spinal accessory nerve?

Answer 35

superior deep cervical nodes

Question 36

which nodes drain the tonsils and tongue?

Answer 36

superior deep cervical nodes

Question 37

which group is referred to as the jugulo-omohyoid nodes? (lies where omohyoid crosses internal jugular)

Answer 37

inferior deep cervical nodes

Question 38

action of the digastric muscles

Answer 38

open the jaw

Question 39

which group of nodes drains the tongue, oral cavity, trachea, oesophagus, thyroid gland

Answer 39

inferior deep cervical nodes

Question 40

boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 40

sternocleidomastoid muscle trapezius muscle middle part of the clavicle

Question 41

what vein drains the scalp and face?

Answer 41

external jugular vein

Question 42

the external jugular vein lies in the superficial fascia, superficial to which muscle?

Answer 42

sternomastoid

Question 43

origin of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 43

manubrium of the sternum | clavicle

Question 44

insertion of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 44

mastoid process | superior nuchal line

Question 45

nerve supply of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 45

spinal accessory nerve

Question 46

action of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 46

turns head to opposite side

Question 47

contraction of which muscle closes the eye?

Answer 47

orbicularis oculi

Question 48

2 parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle

Answer 48

palpebral part | orbital part

Question 49

where abouts are the vocal cords?

Answer 49

in the larynx