MSK

Question 1

where is the cubital fossa located?

Answer 1

the inner elbow/forearm

Question 2

what forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 2

pectoralis major muscle

pectoralis minor muscle

Question 3

what forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 3

subscapularis muscle
teres major
latissimus dorsi

Question 4

what forms the medial wall of the axilla?

Answer 4

ribs/intercostal spaces (thoracic wall)

serratus anterior

Question 5

what forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

Answer 5

humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
coracobrachialis muscle
long head of the biceps

Question 6

where does the serratus anterior originate and insert?

Answer 6

originates from ribs

inserts in scapula

Question 7

what does the axillary sheath surround?

Answer 7

neuromuscular bundle

Question 8

where does the brachial plexus originate from?

Answer 8

5 roots in the neck: C5 C6 C7 C8 T1

Question 9

from which spinal nerve/s does the upper trunk of the brachial plexus originate?

Answer 9

C5 and C6

Question 10

from which spinal nerve/s does the middle trunk of the brachial plexus originate?

Answer 10

C7

Question 11

from which spinal nerve/s does the lower trunk of the brachial plexus originate?

Answer 11

C8 and T1

Question 12

branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 12

musculocutaneous nerve
the lateral branch to the median nerve
lateral pectoral nerve

Question 13

branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 13

medial pectoral nerve
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
ulnar nerve
medial branch to the median nerve

Question 14

branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 14

lower subscapula nerve
upper subscapula nerve
axillary (circumflex) nerve
thoracodorsal nerve
radial nerve

Question 15

where does the subclavian artery branch from

Answer 15

the arch of the aorta

Question 16

what 2 names are given to the subclavian artery as it travels down the arm?

Answer 16

axillary artery

brachial artery

Question 17

where does the brachial artery branch?

name the 2 branches.

Answer 17

cubital fossa

ulna artery and radial artery

Question 18

where does the pectoralis minor muscle insert?

Answer 18

corocoid process

Question 19

where does the pectoralis major muscle insert?

Answer 19

humerus

Question 20

name 3 muscles that are attached to the corocoid process.

Answer 20

pectoralis minor
coracobrachialis
short head of the biceps

Question 21

which head of the biceps muscle is lateral?

Answer 21

long head

Question 22

name the 3 groups of axillary lymph nodes

Answer 22

lateral
posterior
central

Question 23

name the rotation which results in the palm facing forwards

Answer 23

supination

Question 24

name the deep veins of the forearm

Answer 24

ulna vein
radial vein
brachial vein

Question 25

name the 3 main superficial veins of the forearm

Answer 25

cephalic median cubital basilic

Question 26

name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

Answer 26

supraspinatus infraspinatus subscapularis teres minor

Question 27

what is the function of the subscapularis muscle?

Answer 27

medial rotation of the humerus

Question 28

what is the opposite action to supination?

Answer 28

pronation

Question 29

name the 8 carpal bones

Answer 29

``` scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate ```

Question 30

which bone of the forearm takes part in the wrist joint?

Answer 30

radius

Question 31

extensors of the forearm supplied by the...

Answer 31

radial nerve

Question 32

flexors of the forearm supplied by the...

Answer 32

ulnar nerve

Question 33

name the membrane between the radius and ulna

Answer 33

interosseous membrane

Question 34

The common interosseous artery (branch of the ulnar nerve) branches into...

Answer 34

Posterior interosseous artery | Anterior interosseous artery

Question 35

Name the gap between the carpal bones and the deep carpal fascia at the wrist

Answer 35

Carpal tunnel

Question 36

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 36

Tendons of the flexor muscles | Median nerve

Question 37

Name the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence

Answer 37

Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis

Question 38

which 3 nerves give sensation to the hands and fingers?

Answer 38

median nerve radial nerve ulnar nerve

Question 39

what are the branches of the ulnar, radial and median nerves called that supply the fingers

Answer 39

digital nerves

Question 40

which of the 3 nerves supplying the hand does not go through the carpal tunnel, but passes in front of the membrane?

Answer 40

ulnar nerve

Question 41

branches of which nerve supply the palm, and do they go through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 41

branches of the median nerve | no - fibres pass above carpal tunnel

Question 42

name the action of the thumb touching the other fingers

Answer 42

opposition

Question 43

5 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 43

``` pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longis flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis ```

Question 44

what is the most abundant protein in the body and of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 44

collagen

Question 45

which type of collagen is found in skin, ligament, tendon, bone?

Answer 45

Type 1

Question 46

which type of collagen is found in cartilage and vitreous of the eye?

Answer 46

Type 2

Question 47

which type of collagen is found in skin and is important during wound healing?

Answer 47

Type 3

Question 48

3 collagen molecules come together to form what 3-stranded molecule?

Answer 48

tropocollagen

Question 49

what do osteoclasts do?

Answer 49

degrade bone

Question 50

what do osteoblasts do?

Answer 50

make bone

Question 51

Bone extracellular matrix is mostly comprised of...?

Answer 51

type I collagen and calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite

Question 52

what are integrins?

Answer 52

transmembrane proteins involved in the adhesion of cells to each other and to their substrate

Question 53

where abouts in the fibre do muscle fibre nuclei lie?

Answer 53

at the edge

Question 54

Between each muscle fibre is a specialised connective tissue called...

Answer 54

endomysium

Question 55

bundles of muscle fibres are bound together to form fasciculi by a sheath of connective tissue known as..

Answer 55

perimysium

Question 56

groups of fasciculi are bound together to form muscles by more connective tissue known as...

Answer 56

epimysium