Head and Neck - Lecture 3

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the neck?

Answer 1

Superiorly - external occipital protuberance, tip of mastoid process, inferior border of mandible
inferiorly - suprasternal notch, clavicle, acromion,, spinous process of C7 vertebra

Question 2

what nerve innervates the platys?

Answer 2

facial nerve

Question 3

3 deep cervical fascia

Answer 3

1. investing
2. pretracheal
3. prevertebral

Question 4

What muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior compartments?

Answer 4

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 5

Name the supra hyoid muscles

Answer 5

1. digastric (ant and post belly)
2. stylohyoid
3. geniohyoid
4. mylohyoid

• all depress the mandible and generally elevate the hyoid bone during speaking and swallowing

Also,
mylo –> brings hyoid forward
stylohyoid –> retracts hyoid

Question 6

Name the infra hyoid muscles

Answer 6

1. sternohyoid
2. sternothyroid
3. omohyoid
4. thyrohyoid

Question 7

Nerves of Erb’s point

Answer 7

1. Lesser occipital nerve
2. Greater auricular nerve
3. Transverse cervical nerve
4. Supraclavicular nerves

Question 8

What are 3 important structures that reside in the lateral triangle of the neck?

Answer 8

1. Brachial Plexus
2. Vagus Nerve
3. Sympathetic trunk

Question 9

Which two roots merge to form the median nerve?

Answer 9

Lateral cord and the medial cord

Question 10

The ulner nerve is a terminal branch of what cord?

Answer 10

Medial cord of the brachial plexus

Question 11

The radial nerve is a terminal branch of what cord?

Answer 11

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus

Question 12

What muscle group function is the radial nerve responsible for?

Answer 12

Innervates extender muscles

Question 13

What muscle group function is the ulner and median nerve responsible for?

Answer 13

innervation of flexors

Question 14

What nerves make up the brachial plexus?

Answer 14

C5-T1

Question 15

Describe the Brachial Plexus starting from the roots

Answer 15

Roots (C5-T1) –> trunks (Superior C5&C6, middle C7, inferior C8) –> Divisions (anterior and posterior) –> cords (lateral, medial, posterior)

Question 16

In the brachial plexus, the anterior divisions of the trunks (superior, middle and inferior) supply what compartments of the upper limb?

Answer 16

Anterior (flexor) compartments of the upper limb

Question 17

In the brachial plexus, the posterior divisions of the trunks (superior, middle and inferior) supply what compartments of the upper limb?

Answer 17

posterior (extensor) compartments of the upper limb

Question 18

What happens when the ulnar nerve is damaged?

Answer 18

weakness in flexing the wrist, little and ring finger with hyperextended metacaarpophalangeal joints

Question 19

What happens when the median nerve is damaged?

Answer 19

weakness in flexing the wrist, weakened flexion of the thumb, index, and middle finger

Question 20

What happens when the radial nerve is damaged?

Answer 20

weakened ability to extend elbow, wrist and fingers

Question 21

Innervation areas of the vagus nerve

Answer 21

1. pharynx
2. Larynx
3. lung
4. heart
5. spleen
6. stomach
7. liver
8. kidney
9. colon
10. small intestine

Question 22

The cervical sympathetic trunk

Answer 22

One of three major nerves found in the root of the neck

2. located on top of the anterior scalene muscle
3. provides sympathetic innervation for head, neck and heart

Question 23

The stellate ganglion

Answer 23

1. a.k.a cervicothoracic ganglion
2. sympathetic
3. located at the level of C7
4. provides sympathetic efferents to the upper extremities, head, neck and heart

Question 24

What sections are is the pharynx divided into?

Answer 24

1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx

Question 25

All the muscles of the larynx close the gap except for one. Which muscle is this?

Answer 25

posterior crico-arytenoid

Question 26

What produces sound in our larynx?

Answer 26

movement of the cartilages. The vibrations create sound

Question 27

What are the main arterial branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Answer 27

1. inferior thyroid artery 2. Transverse cervical artery 3. suprascapular artery

Question 28

What is the action of the stylohyoid?

Answer 28

Elevation and retraction of the hyoid bone; assists in lowering the mandible (opening the mouth)

Question 29

What is the action of the mylohyoid?

Answer 29

Elevates and draws the hyoid bone forward; elevates the tongue, depresses the mandible during swallowing and speaking

Question 30

What is the action of the digastric ?

Answer 30

depresses mandible; raises hyoid bone and steadies it during swallowing and speaking

Question 31

What is the action of the geniohyoid?

Answer 31

depresses the mandible and elevates the hyoid bone

Question 32

What is the action of the sternohyoid?

Answer 32

depresses the HYOID bone after swallowing

Question 33

What is the action of the omohyoid?

Answer 33

depresses, retracts and fixes (stabilizes) hyoid bone during phonation and swallowing

Question 34

What is the action of the sternothyroid?

Answer 34

Depresses LARYNX after swallowing

Question 35

What is the action of the thyrohyoid?

Answer 35

depresses hyoid bone and elevates larynx when the hyoid bone is fixed