Nervous System I

Question 1

What 2 cranial nerves are found in the midbrain?

Answer 1

CN III and CN IV

Question 2

Where is the substantial nigra located?

Answer 2

Midbrain

Question 3

What is the function of the substantia nigra?

Answer 3

regulating motor activity

Question 4

What area of the brain is damaged in parkinson’s disease?

Answer 4

substantia nigra

Question 5

What is the reticular formation important in? Where is it located?

Answer 5

Consciousness and arousal. It is located in the midbrain

Question 6

What are the functions of the Diencephalon? (3)

Answer 6

relays sensory, motor and autonomic information to cerebral cortex

Question 7

What are the parts of the hindbrain?

Answer 7

1. pons
2. medulla (oblongata)
3. cerebellum

Question 8

What consists of the brainstem?

Answer 8

1. midbrain
2. pons
   3 medulla

Question 9

What cranial nerves are found in the Pons?

Answer 9

V, VI, VII, VIII

Question 10

What cranial nerve nuclei are found in the medulla?

Answer 10

IX, X, XII

Question 11

What functions do the medulla help control?

Answer 11

critical for control of cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Question 12

What functions do the cerebellum control?

Answer 12

1. maintaining equilibrium (receives inputs from vestibular apparatus of inner ear)
2. Fine motor coordination (receives input from cerebrum (via pons) & proprioceptors - from spinal cord
3. important for automatic/non-conscious adjustments in posture and locomotion

Question 13

What are the names of the 3 meninges?

Answer 13

1. Dura Mater
2. Arachnoid Mater
3. Pia Mater

Question 14

What are the functions of the meninges?

Answer 14

1. Protection
2. Compartmentalization
3. Conduit

Question 15

What is a neuron?

Answer 15

specialized cells for rapid communication; reception, transduction and conduction of stimuli. They conduct signal (action potential) from one part of cell to another and which is then transmitted to other cells

Question 16

glia

Answer 16

also known as neuroglia: support cells of the nervous system

Question 17

SRI

Answer 17

serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Question 18

what are the neuroglia in the cns called?

Answer 18

1. astrocytes
2. oligodendrocytes
3. microglia

Question 19

what are the neuroglia called in the PNS?

Answer 19

1. schwann cells

2. satellite cells

Question 20

astrocyte functions

Answer 20

1. physical/structural support
2. secreting growth factors
3. metabolic support
4. transmitter “scavengers” (limit diffusion)
5. ionic and pH balance of environment

Question 21

oligodendrocytes

Answer 21

provide the myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS

Question 22

in MS, what is targeted?

Answer 22

oligodendrocytes

Question 23

microglia

Answer 23

1. macrophages of the nervous system (immune cells of the CNS)
2. protect against viruses, bacteria and tumor cells

Question 24

during inflammation of the CNS what neuroglia cells are activated?

Answer 24

microglia

Question 25

schwann cells

Answer 25

myelin producing cells of the PNS

Question 26

satellite cells

Answer 26

support cells of the PNS found within ganglia

Question 27

how many spinal nerves?

Answer 27

31

Question 28

what is part of the central nervous system,?

Answer 28

1. brain | 2. spinal cord

Question 29

what is included in the PNS?

Answer 29

1. cranial nerves (12) 2. spinal nerves (31) 3. associated structures like ganglia and sensory nerve endings

Question 30

what is fray matter?

Answer 30

consists of neurons embedded within glia

Question 31

white matter

Answer 31

nerve dibres/axons embedded in glial cells

Question 32

are blood vessels present in gray and white matter?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

what are the 3 main sections that the brain is divided into?

Answer 33

1. forebrain 2. midbrain 3. hindbrain (continuous with spinal cord)

Question 34

forebrain

Answer 34

1. telencephalon | 2. diencephalon

Question 35

midbrain

Answer 35

mesencephalon

Question 36

hindbrain

Answer 36

1. pons 2. cerebellum 3. medulla

Question 37

what does the telencephalon consist of?

Answer 37

1. cerebral cortex (gray matter) 2. white matter (axons) 3. ventricles 4. basal ganglia/basal nuclei

Question 38

what sulcus separates the hemispheres?

Answer 38

longitudinal cerebral fissure

Question 39

3 imp concepts in cortical function

Answer 39

1. functional localization 2. "contralateral nature" 3. cortical functions depend on connectivity

Question 40

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 40

movements/motor, behaviour, speech, decision making, feelings, abstract thinking, intellect, personality

Question 41

what separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

Answer 41

central sulcus

Question 42

where is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 42

frontal cortex, pre-central gyrus

Question 43

post-central gyrus

Answer 43

found in the parietal lobe, primary somatosensory cortex. receives somatosensory information from opposite side of the body

Question 44

what is the parietal lobe critical for?

Answer 44

interpretation and understanding of sensory input

Question 45

what sulcus separates the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe?

Answer 45

parietocciptal sulcus

Question 46

occipital lobe

Answer 46

vision

Question 47

what two important areas are found in the temporal lobe?

Answer 47

1. primary auditory cortex | 2. primary olfactory cortex

Question 48

what important structure is found in the temporal lobe?

Answer 48

hippocampus

Question 49

What makes up the basal nuclei?

Answer 49

1. caudate 2. putamen 3. globus pallidus

Question 50

what is the importance of the basal nuclei?

Answer 50

important in regulating motor activity

Question 51

what occurs when there is a lesion in the basal nuclei?

Answer 51

movement disorders called dyskinesias: involuntary or diminished movement . ex huntington's disease

Question 52

what is in the diencephalon?

Answer 52

1. hypothalamus 2. thalamus 3. subthalamus 4. epithalamus