Health Psych2

Question 1

The process of physical damage within the body that
can exist even in the absence of a label or diagnosis

Answer 1

disease

Question 2

– The experience of being sick and having been
diagnosed as being sick

Answer 2

illness

ppl can have a disease and not be illl

Question 3

Behavior by people who experience symptoms but
before a diagnosis

Answer 3

illness behavior

Question 4

Behavior after a diagnosis from a health care provider
or a self-diagnosis

Answer 4

sick role behavior

Question 5

– Outward
• Symptoms less likely to be noticed
– Inward
• Symptoms more likely to be noticed

Answer 5

transitory situation factors that influence the direction one’s ATTENTION

Question 6

– Those in a positive mood
• Rate themselves as more healthy
• Report fewer illness-related memories
• Report fewer symptoms
– Those in a negative mood
• Report more symptoms
• Are pessimistic about relief from symptoms
• Perceive themselves as more vulnerable to future illness

Answer 6

illness behavior:personal factor

Question 7

Disposition to experience strong emotional reactions
and to report high levels of symptoms

Answer 7

neurocticism

Question 8

– General expectation that outcomes will be positive
– Promotes active and persistent coping efforts
– Helps people use resources effectively
– Has clear health benefits

Answer 8

dispositional optimism

Question 9

• women seek healthcaremore frequently
• pregnany/childbirth account
• more sensitive to bodily disruptions
• not be subject to social norms to ignore pain
• men tend to only report major probs
• men take on more health risks (alcohol)

Answer 9

illness behavior: gender

Question 10

more likely to seek health care based on symptom:

Answer 10

• visibility
• perceived severity
• interference with life
• frequency and persistence

Question 11

– Organized conceptions of illness
– Acquired through the media, personal experience,
family and friends

Answer 11

illness schemas

influences:

– Preventive health behaviors
– Reaction to symptoms
– Adherence to treatment recommendations
– Expectations for future health

Question 12

1. identity of the disease(minor/serious)
2. timeline of disease and treatments
3. cause of disease
4. consequences of disease
5. controllability of the disease and treatment

Answer 12

Five Components in the
Conceptualization of Disease

Question 13

– Behavior of people who believe that they are ill for the
purpose of getting well

Answer 13

sick role (kasl &cobb)

Question 14

3 rights and privileges of ___ ____

– Make decisions concerning health-related issues
– Be exempt from normal duties
– Become dependent on others for assistance

Answer 14

sick role

Question 15

3 duties and responsibilites of sick role

Answer 15

1. maintain health and to get well
2. perform routine health care management
3. use a range of health care resources

Question 16

informal network of family and friends who offer and interpretation of symptoms is

Answer 16

lay referral network

Question 17

1 in __ american adults may use unconventional therapy in coursre of a yr

Answer 17

3

[massage, homeopath, herbal, imager, energy healing hypnosis acupunture]

Question 18

____ disorders are perceived as more legitimate than psychological ones

Answer 18

medical

Question 19

– Concerned about physical and mental health
– Perceive minor symptoms as serious
– Believe in taking care of their own health
– BUT: Use health services more than other
individuals

Answer 19

the Worried Well

Question 20

Secondary gains are benefits that an illness brings

– Ability to rest
– Freedom from unpleasant tasks
– Care of one’s needs by others
– Time off from work

Answer 20

secondary gains can be reinforcing and interfere with return to good health

Question 21

The time between recognition of a
symptom and obtaining treatment
– An individual is aware of the need to seek treatment
but puts off doing so

Answer 21

delay

Question 22

_____ delay:The time it takes a person to
decide that a symptom is serious

Answer 22

appraisal

Question 23

____ delay: time btwn recognizing that symptom implies an illness and the decision to seek treatment

Answer 23

illness

Question 24

___ delay: time btwn deciding to seek treatment and actually doin so

Answer 24

behavioral delay

Question 25

\_\_\_ delay: time btwn making an appointment and receiving appropriate care

Answer 25

medical delay

Question 26

factors with delay behavior are

Answer 26

• Major factor: Perceived expense of treatment • Limited access to health care (disparities) • Delay is more common – In people with no regular contact with a physician – When symptoms resemble past symptoms that have proven to be minor – If the primary symptom is atypical • Treatment delay occurs when, after a consultation, patients delay further action

Question 27

provider delay is 15% of all delay behavior aka \_\_\_

Answer 27

medical delay – Usually an honest mistake: providers rule out common causes of symptoms rather than ordering invasive tests – Can be caused by malpractice – More likely when patient deviates from average profile of person with a given disease

Question 28

– Managed Care: An agreed-on monthly rate is paid and the employee uses services

Answer 28

health maintenance organzations (HMOs)

Question 29

– A network of doctors offers discounted rates

Answer 29

preferred provider organizations (PPOs)

Question 30

\_\_\_\_\_\_Hospitals have two lines of authority: medical line, administrative line – Nurses are part of both lines of authority and conflicting requirements sometimes occur

Answer 30

private

Question 31

– Participate in diagnosis through testing – Help in therapeutic interventions – Are involved in pre- and post-surgery prep – Help with pain control and compliance issues – Diagnose and treat psychological problems complicating patient care

Answer 31

psychologists

Question 32

Irving Janis’s Study: “Work of Worrying”

Answer 32

patients must work thru fears about surgery before adjusting to it

Question 33

– Patients who are carefully prepared for surgery and its aftereffects will show good postoperative adjustment

Answer 33

contemporary view

Question 34

Successful interventions to help people cope with these procedures include:

Answer 34

* providing info * relaxation techniques * cognitive behavioral interventions

Question 35

– Their research suggests that, among individuals about to go through surgery: • Placing in bed with a roommate who had just undergone surgery benefited the patient. – They were less anxious after surgery and were released more quickly. • Type of surgery that the roommate had didn’t make a difference

Answer 35

kulik and mahler (1987)

Question 36

age that : • May be anxious because they want to be with their family or they feel rejected by their family • May develop new fears (of the dark, of staff) • May convert anxiety into bodily symptoms

Answer 36

young children (under 6 yrs)

Question 37

• May have more free floating anxiety that is not tied to any particular issue • May become irritable and distractible

Answer 37

older children (6-10 yrs)

Question 38

* May be embarrassed * May be ashamed about exposing themselves to strangers

Answer 38

children juust entering puberty

Question 39

Children about to undergo surgery benefit from films portraying children hospitalized for surgery (modeling)

Answer 39

– Older children benefit when the film is viewed several days in advance – Younger children need exposure immediately before the relevant event • Engage children in activities that distract them from the procedure • Even very young children should be told something about their treatment and be given a chance to express emotions