the heart….
- 72 beats/min
- located in the cardian m.s
- 2/3 of the heart located left to the midline and 1/3 to the right
surfaces of the heart
- sternocoastal> r. atrium + r. and left l. ventricle
- diaphragmatic> 2/5th r. ventricle and 3/5 l. ventricle
- post. Mediastinum> l. atrium between the 4 p. vein openings
- p. right> right atrium
- p. left> left ventricle, contacts the lungs and gives the cardic impression of the lung
projections of the heart
-superior left >3rd rib
-superior right >3rd rib 3 cm to the left
-inferior left > 6th SC join 1 cm to the right
inferior right > 5th IC space 9 cm to the left
layers of the heart
- parietal pericardium
- inner serous layer
- visceral pericardium (epicardium)
- myocardium
- endocardium
in between which two layers does the coronoary a. run in?
the pericardium and epicardium
function of the myocardium….
to attach on the fibrous skeleton of the heart by muscular hooks and the cusps
the layers of the myocardium…
outer - on the atrioventricular valves to the apex
middle - parallel to the coronary sulcus plane
internal - (longitudinal) forms the papillary m. and trabecula carnea
what is the endocardium composed of?
- endothelial cells
- sunendothelial cells
what does the pericardial cavity contain
serious fluid which lubricates the serous surface and allows movements of the beating heart with no friction
what are the external features of the heart?
- coronary sulcus
- interventricular sulcus
- crux cordis (meeting of cornoary sulcus and interventricular sulcus making a “heart cross”)
- waterstons groove (between r. p. vein and r. atrium)
- aorta
- pulmonary trunk
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- pulmonary veins
- ligamentum arteriosum
- sulcus terminalis cordis (groove in the r. atrium)
features of the RIGHT ATRIUM
-crista terminalis (seperates the r. auricle and r. atrium proper)
-inferior vena cava
-superior vena cava
-orifice of the coronary sinus (has the thebasian valve)
-interatrial septum
koch triangle (area approximating the SA node)
-fossa ovale
what are the borders of KOCH’s triangle
sup - tendon of todaro
inf - tricuspid valve
post - thebasian valvue
features of the RIGHT VENTRICLE
- conus arteriosus (where p.trunk starts within the heart)
- septomarginal trabecula/moderator band
- tricuspid valve (ant,post,and septal papillary muscles)
- interventricular septum
features of the LEFT ATRIUM
-thicker than the r. atrium has a depression that is semilunar and has a valve of the fossa ovalis
features of the LEFT VENTRICLE
- forms the left post. surface and most of the diaphragmatic surface also the apex of the heart
- wall is approx. 1-1.5cm
- inlet is the mitral valve
- outlet is the aortic valve
- contains more trabeculae carnea than the r. ventricle
- contains a fibrous ring to which the R. and L. post cusps are attached to
what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart, and what are it’s components?
- a network of collagen, which acts as a skeleton
- components are:
- cusps
- membranous part of the IV septum
- R+L trigons
what is the function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
- attachments of the cusps
- keeps the integrity and structure of the valves
- forms an electrical insulator
- attaches on the myocardium by mycardial hooks and the cusps by cuspal hooks
features of the fibrous skeleton
- 2x trigons Right and Left trigon
- the Right trigone carries the atrioventricular bundle
- 3 coronary fillum from the right trigon and 1 coronary fillum from the left trigone
where is the left and right trigon located?
- right = between bicuspid, tricuspid and aortic valve
- left = outer edge between mitral and aortic valve
the cusps of the valves of the heart
aortic = right, left and posterior cusp pulmonary = anterior, right and left
what is a commissure?
the spaces adjacent to the cusp
what does each cusp consist of?
1x nodule and 2x lunules
what do the origin of the aorta and p trunks form?
form the aortic sinus and the pulmonary sinus
what begins at the right and left aortic sinus
right and left coronary arteries
