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Rosh/ITE > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Nerve that supplies mandible to midline

A

Inferior alveolar nerve
(Also innervates anterior 2/3 of tongue and oral floor)

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2
Q

Infraorbital nerve

A

Maxillary teeth, midline to canine
Buccal soft tissue of upper lip
Lateral nose
Lower eyelid

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3
Q

Posterior superior alveolar nerve

A

1-3 maxillary molars

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4
Q

Bilateral facial nerve palsy

A

Lyme disease

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5
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis timeline and bug

A

0-5 days: neisseria
5d-5w: chlamydia
5w-5y: heamophilus, strep

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6
Q

Eye tearing in newborn with vesicles

A

Heroes simplex keratitis

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7
Q

Herpes zoster opthalmicus

A

VZV in trigeminal ganglion (V1)
Punctuate corneal keratitis: ground glass appearance due to stromal edema
Psuedodendrites
Hutchison sign: vesicles on tip of nose due to nasocilliary branch involvement
Optho consult

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8
Q

Seidel sign

A

Seen with flourescein stain: streaming of aqueous humor due to full thickness corneal abrasion

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9
Q

Preseptal cellulitis

A

Seen primarily in peds
No eye involvement
Oral abx (amoxicillin)

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10
Q

Treat preseptal cellulitis

A

Augmentin

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11
Q

Stye

A

Infection of the oil gland at the lash line; pustule at lid margin

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12
Q

Chalazion

A

Inflammation of the eyelid secondary to meibomian gland blockage in the tarsal plate
Wet compresses and erythromycin

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13
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers

A

Cover for pseudomonas - topical cipro or tobramycin

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14
Q

HSV of eyes

A

Dendrite or geographic ulcer on slitlamp
Decreased corneal sensation
Optho consult

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15
Q

Corneal ulcer

A

Slit lamp: white hazy infiltrate, iritis and hypopyon

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16
Q

Iritis

A

Red eye, photophobia, and decreased vision
Consensual pain
Treat with cycloplegics (homatropine, cyclopentolate, scopolamine)

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17
Q

Full-thickness lid lacerations

A

Investigated to rule out an associated corneal laceration and globe ruptur

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18
Q

Next step with suspected globe rupture

A

Place eye shield
CT of the orbit

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19
Q

Hyphema

A

Presence of blood in the anterior chamber
Optho consult
HOB at 30-45

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20
Q

Acute angle Closure glaucoma

A

Sudden onset severe eye pain and/or headache, cloudy vision, colored halos around lights, and vomiting
mid-dilated sluggish pupils, ciliary flush, hazy cornea

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21
Q

Optic Neuritis

A

Presents with acute vision loss, specifically color vision, foggy vision, afferent pupillary defect
Assoc w/ MS
Swollen, hyperemic optic disc
Uthoff phenomena: vision decreases with increase in body temperature
IV steroids (NOT PO)

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22
Q

Central retinal artery Occlusion

A

Sudden, painless, severe mon-ocular loss of vision; hx of amaurosis fugax
Marked APD, superficial opacification/whitening of retina in posterior pole, and bright red macula
Massage the eye, call optho

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23
Q

Central retinal Vein Occlusion

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A

Acute, pain- less monocular vision loss
Optic disc edema, cotton wool spots, and retinal hemorrhages: “blood and thunder fundus”

24
Q

Retinal Detachment and Floaters

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A

Sudden flashes of light, floaters, or a dark veil or curtain-like defect

25
Erysipelas
Red, raised, puffy appearance with a sharply defined, palpable border Penicillin
26
Impetigo
nonbullous: erythematous rash with vesicles that break and form the characteristic amber crust; mupirocin Bullous: vesicles that enlarge to form bullae with clear yellow fluid
27
Viral Parotitis (Mumps)
Gland is tense and painful, but lacks erythema and warmth
28
Suppurative Parotitis
Occurs in patients with diminished salivary flow via retrograde bacteria flow Fever, trismus, erythema, and pain over the parotid gland; Pus from Stensen’s duct Optimize salivary flow
29
Sialolithiasis
Stones in a stagnant salivary duct
30
Diagnose Masticator Space abscess
Contrast-enhanced CT scan
31
Trigeminal Neuralgia treatment
Carbamazapine
32
Lateral Sinus Thrombosis
Headache is common and papilledema, sixth nerve palsy, and vertigo nafcillin, ceftriaxone, metronidazole
33
Bullous Myringitis
Painful bulla on the TM
34
Cerumen Impaction
Hydrogen peroxide, sodium bicarbonate, mineral oil, or carbamide peroxide otic
35
Nasal Septal Hematoma
Horizontal I&D Bilateral nasal packing Augmentin
36
Brain abscess
Spread from sinusitis or OM CT/MRI w/contrast: ring enhancing lesion HA, fever, focal neuro deficits
37
Sx of IIHTN
Headache CN VI palsy Papilledema Pulsatile tinnitus
38
Classification of dental fx
Ellis I: enamel only II: enamel and dentin III: enamel, dentin and pulp Use Calcium hydroxide in II and III
39
Bacterial tracheitis
Peak incidence at 3-4y Lining of trachea sloughs off Viral prodrome similar to croup but child becomes toxic appearing including fever and sx of airway obstruction, ins and exp stridor XR may show mild subglottic narrowing Poor response to croup tx
40
Pott Puffy Tumor
Subperiosteal abscess or osteo of frontal bone from spread of sinusitis Usually seen in children Cranial CT or MRI
41
Endophthalmitis
Infection of anterior, posterior and vitreous chamber of eye Can see pus in the anterior chamber (hypopyon) Can be iatrogenic after cataract surgery
42
Vitreous hemorrhage
Injury to retina, uveal tract and vascular structures Floaters and decreased visual acuity Non-painful
43
Most likely to cause TM rupture
Descent barotrauma
44
Most common site of oral cancer
Tongue
45
Treat hemotympanum due to barotrauma
Anticongestants
46
Pericoronitis
Inflammation of overlying tissue of newly ruptured molar
47
Most likely location of esophageal FB in peds? Vs adult?
Cricopharyngeus Lower esophageal sphincter
48
Menierie disease
Tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, clustered attacks with long intervals symptom free
49
Vestibular neuronitis
Vertigo for days, no auditory sx
50
Labrynthitis
Dizziness and hearing loss preceded by HEENT infection.
51
Normal optic nerve sheath diameter
<5 >5 correlates to intracranial pressure >20
52
Dacryocystits
Lacrimal duct infection Staph and strep Fluorescein dye disappearance test Warm compresses, massage, clinda
53
Necrotizing otits externa
Adults with DM or immunocompromised Granulation tissue, purulent drainage, CN palsy (facial nerve) IV abx with pseudomonas coverage
54
Where does perf in Boorhaves typically happen?
Left posterolateral aspect of distal intrathoracic esophagus
55
Optic neuritis
Demyelination of optic nerve Vision loss - central scotoma, pain with movement, loss of color, edematous optic disc, afferent pupillary defect IV steroids
56
Orbital cellulitis
Painful EOM, diplopia, proptosis, chemosis

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