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Rosh/ITE > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Nerve that supplies mandible to midline

A

Inferior alveolar nerve
(Also innervates anterior 2/3 of tongue and oral floor)

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2
Q

Infraorbital nerve

A

Maxillary teeth, midline to canine
Buccal soft tissue of upper lip
Lateral nose
Lower eyelid

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3
Q

Posterior superior alveolar nerve

A

1-3 maxillary molars

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4
Q

Bilateral facial nerve palsy

A

Lyme disease

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5
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis timeline and bug

A

0-5 days: neisseria
5d-5w: chlamydia
5w-5y: heamophilus, strep

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6
Q

Eye tearing in newborn with vesicles

A

Heroes simplex keratitis

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7
Q

Herpes zoster opthalmicus

A

VZV in trigeminal ganglion (V1)
Punctuate corneal keratitis: ground glass appearance due to stromal edema
Psuedodendrites
Hutchison sign: vesicles on tip of nose due to nasocilliary branch involvement
Optho consult

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8
Q

Seidel sign

A

Seen with flourescein stain: streaming of aqueous humor due to full thickness corneal abrasion

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9
Q

Preseptal cellulitis

A

Seen primarily in peds
No eye involvement
Oral abx (amoxicillin)

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10
Q

Treat preseptal cellulitis

A

Augmentin

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11
Q

Stye

A

Infection of the oil gland at the lash line; pustule at lid margin

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12
Q

Chalazion

A

Inflammation of the eyelid secondary to meibomian gland blockage in the tarsal plate
Wet compresses and erythromycin

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13
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers

A

Cover for pseudomonas - topical cipro or tobramycin

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14
Q

HSV of eyes

A

Dendrite or geographic ulcer on slitlamp
Decreased corneal sensation
Optho consult

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15
Q

Corneal ulcer

A

Slit lamp: white hazy infiltrate, iritis and hypopyon

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16
Q

Iritis

A

Red eye, photophobia, and decreased vision
Consensual pain
Treat with cycloplegics (homatropine, cyclopentolate, scopolamine)

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17
Q

Full-thickness lid lacerations

A

Investigated to rule out an associated corneal laceration and globe ruptur

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18
Q

Next step with suspected globe rupture

A

Place eye shield
CT of the orbit

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19
Q

Hyphema

A

Presence of blood in the anterior chamber
Optho consult
HOB at 30-45

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20
Q

Acute angle Closure glaucoma

A

Sudden onset severe eye pain and/or headache, cloudy vision, colored halos around lights, and vomiting
mid-dilated sluggish pupils, ciliary flush, hazy cornea

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21
Q

Optic Neuritis

A

Presents with acute vision loss, specifically color vision, foggy vision, afferent pupillary defect
Assoc w/ MS
Swollen, hyperemic optic disc
Uthoff phenomena: vision decreases with increase in body temperature
IV steroids (NOT PO)

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22
Q

Central retinal artery Occlusion

A

Sudden, painless, severe mon-ocular loss of vision; hx of amaurosis fugax
Marked APD, superficial opacification/whitening of retina in posterior pole, and bright red macula
Massage the eye, call optho

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23
Q

Central retinal Vein Occlusion

A

Acute, pain- less monocular vision loss
Optic disc edema, cotton wool spots, and retinal hemorrhages: “blood and thunder fundus”

24
Q

Retinal Detachment and Floaters

A

Sudden flashes of light, floaters, or a dark veil or curtain-like defect

25
Q

Erysipelas

A

Red, raised, puffy appearance with a sharply defined, palpable border
Penicillin

26
Q

Impetigo

A

nonbullous: erythematous rash with vesicles that break and form the characteristic amber crust; mupirocin
Bullous: vesicles that enlarge to form bullae with clear yellow fluid

27
Q

Viral Parotitis (Mumps)

A

Gland is tense and painful, but lacks erythema and warmth

28
Q

Suppurative Parotitis

A

Occurs in patients with diminished salivary flow via retrograde bacteria flow
Fever, trismus, erythema, and pain over the parotid gland; Pus from Stensen’s duct
Optimize salivary flow

29
Q

Sialolithiasis

A

Stones in a stagnant salivary duct

30
Q

Diagnose Masticator Space abscess

A

Contrast-enhanced CT scan

31
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia treatment

A

Carbamazapine

32
Q

Lateral Sinus Thrombosis

A

Headache is common and papilledema, sixth nerve palsy, and vertigo
nafcillin, ceftriaxone, metronidazole

33
Q

Bullous Myringitis

A

Painful bulla on the TM

34
Q

Cerumen Impaction

A

Hydrogen peroxide, sodium bicarbonate, mineral oil, or carbamide peroxide otic

35
Q

Nasal Septal Hematoma

A

Horizontal I&D
Bilateral nasal packing
Augmentin

36
Q

Brain abscess

A

Spread from sinusitis or OM
CT/MRI w/contrast: ring enhancing lesion
HA, fever, focal neuro deficits

37
Q

Sx of IIHTN

A

Headache
CN VI palsy
Papilledema
Pulsatile tinnitus

38
Q

Classification of dental fx

A

Ellis
I: enamel only
II: enamel and dentin
III: enamel, dentin and pulp
Use Calcium hydroxide in II and III

39
Q

Bacterial tracheitis

A

Peak incidence at 3-4y
Lining of trachea sloughs off
Viral prodrome similar to croup but child becomes toxic appearing including fever and sx of airway obstruction, ins and exp stridor
XR may show mild subglottic narrowing
Poor response to croup tx

40
Q

Pott Puffy Tumor

A

Subperiosteal abscess or osteo of frontal bone from spread of sinusitis
Usually seen in children
Cranial CT or MRI

41
Q

Endophthalmitis

A

Infection of anterior, posterior and vitreous chamber of eye
Can see pus in the anterior chamber (hypopyon)
Can be iatrogenic after cataract surgery

42
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage

A

Injury to retina, uveal tract and vascular structures
Floaters and decreased visual acuity
Non-painful

43
Q

Most likely to cause TM rupture

A

Descent barotrauma

44
Q

Most common site of oral cancer

A

Tongue

45
Q

Treat hemotympanum due to barotrauma

A

Anticongestants

46
Q

Pericoronitis

A

Inflammation of overlying tissue of newly ruptured molar

47
Q

Most likely location of esophageal FB in peds? Vs adult?

A

Cricopharyngeus
Lower esophageal sphincter

48
Q

Menierie disease

A

Tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, clustered attacks with long intervals symptom free

49
Q

Vestibular neuronitis

A

Vertigo for days, no auditory sx

50
Q

Labrynthitis

A

Dizziness and hearing loss preceded by HEENT infection.

51
Q

Normal optic nerve sheath diameter

A

<5
>5 correlates to intracranial pressure >20

52
Q

Dacryocystits

A

Lacrimal duct infection
Staph and strep
Fluorescein dye disappearance test
Warm compresses, massage, clinda

53
Q

Necrotizing otits externa

A

Adults with DM or immunocompromised
Granulation tissue, purulent drainage, CN palsy (facial nerve)
IV abx with pseudomonas coverage

54
Q

Where does perf in Boorhaves typically happen?

A

Left posterolateral aspect of distal intrathoracic esophagus

55
Q

Optic neuritis

A

Demyelination of optic nerve
Vision loss - central scotoma, pain with movement, loss of color, edematous optic disc, afferent pupillary defect
IV steroids

56
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

Painful EOM, diplopia, proptosis, chemosis

Rosh/ITE (16 decks)

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