Hematopoietic System

Question 1

What is the hematopoietic system?

Answer 1

The system in the body involved in creation of cells of blood. The system consists of organs + tissues, primarily bone marrow, spleen, tonsils + lymph nodes involved in production of blood

Question 2

What is blood?

Answer 2

Fluid connective tissue constituting about 7% of our total body weight

Question 3

What is blood’s functions?

Answer 3

Transports substances
Helps regulate life processes
Affords protects against diseases

Question 4

What are the primary components of blood?

Answer 4

Plasma
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Platelets

Question 5

Describe erythrocytes

Answer 5

Biconcave discs
Lack nucleus + other organelles
Plasma membrane, cytosol + haemoglobin

Question 6

What does cytosol contain?

Answer 6

Haemoglobin

Question 7

What is the function of erythrocytes?

Answer 7

Transport respiratory gases
Nucleate
Haematopoiesis

Question 8

Describe haemoglobin

Answer 8

Composed of 4 protein globin chains
Each centred around haem group
Each haem group consists of porphyrin ring with Fe2+ centre

Question 9

What does an adult haemoglobin contain

Answer 9

2 alpha chains + 2 beta chains

Question 10

What does Fe2+ allow?

Answer 10

Binding of O2

Question 11

What are reticulocytes?

Answer 11

Less mature erythrocytes

Up to 2 days old

Question 12

Where are RBCs released from?

Answer 12

Bone marrow into peripheral circulation

Question 13

What do reticulocytes contain?

Answer 13

Residual ribonucleoprotein particles

= bluish hue to cell

Question 14

What are the different types of WBCs?

Answer 14

Neutrophils 
Eosinophils 
Basophils 
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 15

What is WBC name?

Answer 15

Leukocytes

Question 16

What are granulocytes?

Answer 16

Neutrophil, eosinophil + basophil

= contain bacteria-combating granules

Question 17

What are the agranulocytes?

Answer 17

Lymphocyte + monocyte

= no granules

Question 18

Describe neutrophils

Answer 18

Biggest
Most numerous
Prominent nucleus segmented into 2

Question 19

What do less mature neutrophils look like?

Answer 19

Non-segmented nucleus

Question 20

What does cytoplasm of neutrophils contain?

Answer 20

Glycogen, numerous filaments + microtubules

Question 21

Describe the action of neutrophils

Answer 21

Microbe —-> chemotaxis of phagocyte to microbes —-> ingestion —-> killing be enzymes + other chemicals —-> elimination (exocytosis)

Question 22

Describe eosinophils

Answer 22

Same size as neutrophils

Contain bilobed nucleus

Question 23

What does cytoplasm of eosinophils contain?

Answer 23

Specific granules that contain dense filamentous core of major basic protein

Question 24

What does matrix of granules in eosinophils contain?

Answer 24

Lysosomal enzymes

Question 25

Describe basophils

Answer 25

Smaller Nucleus = 2-3 lobes Similar to mast cells

Question 26

Why can basophils be hard to distinguish?

Answer 26

Have large, dark-staining granules

Question 27

What do basophil granules contain?

Answer 27

High conc of heparin, histamine, leukotrienes, serotonin + chemotic factor

Question 28

What do basophils do?

Answer 28

Mediate hypersensitivity | = bind to IgE antibody

Question 29

What do eosinophils do?

Answer 29

Phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes in active leukotrienes

Question 30

Describe monocytes

Answer 30

Largest cell in blood Large nucleus - ovoid, kidney shaped Cytoplasm pale

Question 31

What do monocytes do?

Answer 31

Ingest + remove tissue debris + infectious agents

Question 32

Describe lymphocytes

Answer 32

Relatively big Contain single, deeply-stained, spherical nucleus Contain few granules

Question 33

What are the different types of lymphocytes?

Answer 33

T cells, B cells + neutral killer cells (NK)

Question 34

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 34

Plasma cells produce antibodies

Question 35

What are the platelets called?

Answer 35

Thrombocytes

Question 36

Describe thrombocyte

Answer 36

Non-nucleated flat, biconvex, round or ovoid disc

Question 37

What are thrombocytes derived from?

Answer 37

Bone marrow megakaryocytes

Question 38

What are thrombocytes involved in?

Answer 38

Haemostasis

Question 39

What do thrombocytes promote?

Answer 39

Coagulation to form blood clots

Question 40

Describe megakaryocyte

Answer 40

Platelets are components | Edges break off to form platelets

Question 41

Describe bone marrow

Answer 41

Soft tissue that fills centre of bones Richly vascularized connective tissue Most rapidly replicating tissue in body

Question 42

What is myeloid tissue?

Answer 42

Blood forming tissues identified as "red marrow" of bones

Question 43

What is lymphoid tissues?

Answer 43

Elements of larger lymphatic system; some lymphoids arise from proliferation within lymphoid tissues

Question 44

Where does haematopoiesis happen at embryonic stage?

Answer 44

Synthesis of blood cells in spleen, liver + bone | marrow

Question 45

Where does haematopoiesis happen at birth stage?

Answer 45

Bone marrow

Question 46

What is the development of erythrocytes regulated by?

Answer 46

Hormone erythropoietin

Question 47

What is general stages of haemostasis?

Answer 47

Vasoconstriction Temporary clot Coagulation

Question 48

Describe what happens in haemostasis

Answer 48

Blood flow + pressure decreased Exposed collagen binds + activates platelets Release of platelet factors Factors attract more platelets Platelets aggregate into platelet plug Associated with activation of fibrin protein mesh

Question 49

What is blood type?

Answer 49

Classification of blood based on presence + absence of antibodies + inherited antigenic substances on surface of RBCs

Question 50

What are the 4 main types?

Answer 50

A B AB O

Question 51

What does Rh factor do?

Answer 51

Present either + or - | eg. A-, A+ ...

Question 52

What antigen + antibody does A have?

Answer 52

A | B

Question 53

What antigen + antibody does B have?

Answer 53

B | A

Question 54

What antigen + antibody does AB have?

Answer 54

A+B | NONE

Question 55

What antigen + antibody does O have?

Answer 55

NONE | BOTH

Question 56

DONORS

Answer 56

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