Henry VII Government and Finance

Question 1

Ordinary revenue

Answer 1

collected regularly

Question 2

Extra ordinary revenue

Answer 2

collected in emergencies

Question 3

Crown lands

Answer 3

£22,000 to £40,000 per year
Act of Resumption 1486 increases crown lands
Act of Attainders helped

Question 4

Custom Duties

Answer 4

imports and exports
taxed £70,000 a year

Question 5

revenue in relation to Europe

Answer 5

HRE £1.1mil France £800,000
England £100,000
per year

Question 6

Profits of Justice

Answer 6

fees payed when legal proceedings start

Question 7

bonds and recognisance

Answer 7

debt obligations
Marquis of Dorset 1491 £10,000

Question 8

Feudal Obligations

Answer 8

nobles give money for special events, livery, inheritance tax
1487- £300 per year
1507- £6,000 per year

Question 9

French Pension

Answer 9

Treaty of Etaples 1492
bribe to remove English armies
£159,000 total
£5,000 a year

Question 10

Clerical taxes

Answer 10

sell church positions
£6,000 following each vacant bishop

Question 11

Benevolences

Answer 11

forced loans without repayments
1491- £48,000 for army to France

Question 12

Loans

Answer 12

from richer subjects
£203,000 during reign

Question 13

Financial aims

Answer 13

make enough money to be comfortable
limit spending
make the county look financially strong

Question 14

local govt

Answer 14

JPs around 18 per county
Weren’t paid, local nobility, very powerful
Passed 21 statutes which enhanced their responsibilities, prestige grew
Could arrest suspects, bail them, take bonds from troublemakers, investigate crimes
Lots of complaints about JPs abusing power

Question 15

Surveyor of the Kings Wards

Answer 15

ensured Henry was maximising income from lands and money

Question 16

Privy Chamber

Answer 16

select staff
some paid to influence Henry

Question 17

Most influential position in informal government

Answer 17

groom of the stool

Question 18

Kings Council

Answer 18

talented men rather than nobility
Henry not always at meetings but was in control of what was discussed
240 eligible men, 6-8 regular attendees to smaller meetings, 40 across all smaller groups

Question 19

Court of Audit

Answer 19

ensured individuals accused of financial mismanagement be brought to justice

Question 20

Council in the Star Chamber

Answer 20

extension of Kings Council, court to settle disputes between subjects
between 4 and 40 met
Dominated by Lord Chancellor
Subjects went for speedy justice

Question 21

Council Learned in Law

Answer 21

established 1495 to deal with Kings finances
around 1500, members met almost daily
supervised collection of debts
deeply unpopular

Question 22

Parliament

Answer 22

Met only when the King called it
Needed to raise taxes, laws passed by Parliament are superior to all others.
Called 6 times in 23 years, 1 after 1497 Total time 21 months
Didn’t always agree to his demands
agreed £40,000 instead of £90,000 in 1504

Question 23

Church

Answer 23

helped keep people obedient and increased support for Henry’s govt
Appointed his own bishops
£6,000 following each vacant bishops land

Question 24

How did Henry use money?

Answer 24

to demonstrate power and status
spent money on flags, banners, badges. Images of Tudor Rose put on all important buildings.
Spent just under £3000 on jewels and plate
No other monarch had spent so much on propaganda

Question 25

Chamber

Answer 25

Kings living room- under his direct supervision. Finance normally done through exchequer but chamber was increasingly favoured at end of his reign. late 1490s handled a turnover of £100,000

Question 26

feudal aid

Answer 26

money paid by nobles for special occasions. £30,000 for marriage of daughter Margaret Tudor

Question 27

taxes based on

Answer 27

1/15 value of your good 1/10 in urban areas

Question 28

Leader of Council of the North

Answer 28

Earl of Northumberland until his murder 1489 Then Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey (Southerner)

Question 29

Wales

Answer 29

appointed his uncle Jasper Tudor to govern Wales, died 1495 Tudor family’s links to Wales meant area largely peaceful Jasper Tudors lands after his death reverted back to the crown so only a small area was outside the crown’s jurisdiction

Question 30

Ireland

Answer 30

1492 Earl of Kildare recognised Warbeck’s claim to the throne so was deprived of his position as Lord Deputy of Ireland. Returned title after he sought forgiveness 1494 made his son Henry Lord Lieutenant and appointed Sir Edward Poynings as deputy