Henry VIII Foreign Policy

Question 1

Battle of Spurs

Answer 1

August 1513

Question 2

Who was involved in Battle of Spurs?

Answer 2

Spain, HRE, Swiss, England had offensive alliance against French

Question 3

events of Battle of Spurs

Answer 3

invaded Terouenne with 50,000 men, French used spurs to flee. Allies captured 6 French standards and a distinguished group of prisoners. Therouanne surrendered 22nd Aug. Laid siege Tournai, submitted after 8 days

Question 4

Peace with France after Spurs

Answer 4

1514 Treaty of Saint Germaine-en-Laye married his sister Mary to Louis XII
Gave Henry permanent possession of Therouanne and pension of £10,000
Henry gave up claim to French throne

Question 5

Battle of Flodden

Answer 5

September 1513

Question 6

details of Battle of Flodden

Answer 6

Henry tore up Treaty of Perpetual Peace. Scot’s invaded because England invaded France. Huge defeat for Scot’s, lost 10,000 men

Question 7

shift in power in europe

Answer 7

Louis XII dies making Francis I King at 21 1514. Ferdinand of Spain dies 1516 and Maximilian dies 1519 means Charles becomes King of both at 16
Henry>Francis>Charles

Question 8

Treaty of London

Answer 8

1518 England, Spain, HRE, Netherlands, Burgandy and Papancy. Commit to policy of peaceful cooperation and make war on anyone that broke treaty

Question 9

Field of Cloth and Gold

Answer 9

1520 Meeting Francis, seen as chivalric display of diplomacy, realistically a two week jousting tournament in Calais

Question 10

Cost of field of cloth and gold

Answer 10

a years revenue. 6,000 people just to attend to the King. Rumoured to cost £1.5 million

Question 11

War declared on France

Answer 11

May 1522 Earl of Surrey led 15,000 men into Picardy. Lack of support from charles meant invasion mounted to nothing, aimless raids

Question 12

1523 France

Answer 12

Wolsey hastily arranged Duke of Suffolk to enter with 11,000 men after signing new treaty with Charles agreeing to immediate invasion. Bourbon failed to deliver serious revolt support never materialised, army returned in disarray. Cost £400,000

Question 13

Treaty of Westminster

Answer 13

1527 Arranged marriage for princess Mary and agreed lasting peace between France and England
Perpetual peace

Question 14

Treaty of the More

Answer 14

Aug 1525 relinquished some territorial claims in return for French pension £20,000 a year

Question 15

Impact of Treaty of Saint Germaine-en-Laye

Answer 15

limited overall because Louis died in December which threw policy into disarray

Question 16

Reason for invasion of France 1523

Answer 16

Duke of Bourbon (one of the most powerful noblemen in France) took up arms against Francis I.

Question 17

Treaty of Greenwich

Answer 17

Marriage between Edward and MQS
denied by Scottish govt 1543

Question 18

French attack

Answer 18

1545 naval attack
successfully blocked

Question 19

Treaty of Ardres

Answer 19

1546 England keep Boulogne and French agree to pay a pension and all debts to English
If all debts paid England would return Boulogne in 1554.
Can’t afford to keep fighting so a great success

Question 20

Boulogne

Answer 20

successfully acquired 1544
36,000 men

Question 21

Defeat Scots

Answer 21

Battle of Solway Moss November 1542

Question 22

Total spend on war with France

Answer 22

£3.4 mil

Question 23

Holy League

Answer 23

joined 1511
failed joint invasion of France 1512- was betrayed by Ferdinand of Spain. Used English troops in Guyenne as a screen and seized Navarre before withdrawing and making peace with France

Question 24

Treaty of Bruges

Answer 24

alliance with Spain against France, promised Mary to Charles (previously promised to dauphin). Charles ultimately not interested
Just 2 weeks after Field of Cloth and Gold 1520

Question 25

Amicable Grant

Answer 25

failure meant unable to provide army to help Spain defeat France after Battle of Pavia where Francis taken prisoner So, Charles reinstated France and established peace 1525

Question 26

Agreement of Amiens

Answer 26

France and England brought closer Agreed to pay part of costs of French invasion of Italy, ended in costly disaster 1527

Question 27

Treaty of Cambrai

Answer 27

Aug 1529 France, HRE, pope left Henry isolated contributed to Wolsey’s downfall

Question 28

excommunicated

Answer 28

1538

Question 29

Treaty of Nice

Answer 29

1538 Charles and Francis officially severed links with Henry and withdrew their ambassadors from court

Question 30

Protestant allies

Answer 30

little achieved except ill-conceived treaty with govt of Lübeck 1534 Protestant princess didn’t trust his motives by 1536 negotiations reached an impasse

Question 31

1544 war

Answer 31

June 40,000 men left for Calais, failed to define objectives so was disorganised. Plan was Charles and Henry meet in Paris, but Henry abandoned agreement in search of own territorial gain -> Boulogne

Question 32

1544 abandonment outcome

Answer 32

backfired when Charles reached settlement with Francis at Crěpy

Question 33

Navy

Answer 33

increased its size from 7 to 53 ships established Deptford and Woolwich as the Royal Dockyards