Liz rebellions Flashcards
(16 cards)
Reason for Northern rebellion
1569 plot to marry MQS to Duke of Norfolk. Orchestrated by Earl of Northumberland and supported by a number of the nobility, including Dudley.
Why did Protestant nobles support MQS marriage?
seemed to settle the problem of Mary entering England and solved the succession issue
Liz reaction to MQS marriage
refused to consider idea of a noblemen from her realm marrying the most dangerous claimant to her throne
Northern Rebellion after Liz rejected marriage
Duke of Norfolk fled court summer 1569 which prompted Earls in the North to muster their forces, expecting him to march on London. Norfolk threw himself on mercy of Queen and was sent to Tower. Main agitators in rising were acting in name of Catholicism. Rebellion easily quelled, earls lost their resolve when heating of Earl of Warwick’s forces in South
Dealing with Northern Rebellion
executed no fewer than 450 men, confiscated so much land that feudal structures broke down in the North
Killed twice as many rebels as PoG and Ketts which had actually been real threats
Oxfordshire rising
1596
Ill- though out, 4 men made desperate by poverty
Hoped to seize weapons and march to London, gathering hundreds as they marched
Gentry particularly threatened by this rising, reflecting poor social conditions and growing inequality
Dealing with Oxfordshire rising
state used overwhelming force
Liz employed military torture, and death sentence on the leader Bartholomew Steer, along with 4 others.
Liz seemed to insist on most savage punishments for commoners who threatened to challenge the order.
Earl of Essex
step son of Dudley, favourite of Liz
expected same position as Robert Cecil had been handed his position by his father
built up considerable patronage at court
during 1590s built up faction to challenge Cecil’s
Essex Ireland
went to Ulster 1599 and made a truce, defying the Queens orders and discharged himself. Liz put him under house arrest
Essex sympathy
supported angered by house arrest
sympathy grew when news spread he’d fallen ill
Liz called on JPs to explain her treatment (shows dependence on gentry for maintaining peace)
Essex rising
1601, deeply in debt sorrow turned to rage- planned to seize the court, City of London and Tower. Believed he would acquire support from James VI who had responded very cautiously to Essex’s request for soldiers. With 140 followers he expected to win over Londoners on 8th feb 1601 but by 9pm forced to surrender. Condemned to death along with 6 conspirators, many more reprieved or fined and imprisoned
Rebellions in Ireland
1569,73,79,82
tension in Ireland
Liz proclaimed Supreme Governor of the Church of Ireland 1560
‘get-rich-quick’ mentality of English incomes and frequent use of martial law meant bad relations with Gaelic Irish and Old English (Norman descent)
Hugh O’Neill
Earl of Tyrone
1595 Ulster rose up in rebellion with Spanish attempting to exploit situation by including an Irish contingent in Armada of 1596
Unsuccessful but fact Spanish had so clearly signalled their intentions caused unease among Liz and council
Battle of Yellow Ford
1598 Irish rebels victorious
looked as if Tyrone may create an Independent Catholic Ireland that would look to Spain for support
Ireland after Essex
Tyrone moved South hoping to link up with Spanish army
Sep 1601, over 3000 Spanish troops landed in Kinsale
English triumphant on Christmas eve, Tyrone retreated to Ulster before negotiating peace with new Lord Lieutenant Mountjoy 1603
