Liz government

Question 1

Court

Answer 1

blurred political and social functions, leaving spectacular atmosphere that benefited ‘golden age’ of royal propaganda

Question 2

Royal officials in court

Answer 2

to ensure govt ran smoothly they had to attend to secure royal permission for their actions

Question 3

Privy Council membership

Answer 3

never more than 19, 11 by end

Question 4

Liz minister consults

Answer 4

often individual basis

Question 5

work of Privy Council

Answer 5

routine work that kept whole machinery of Elizabethan state operating. Feb 1574 issued instructions for recall of licenses issued to corn sellers in Berkshire, Bradford, Hereford who were suspected of price fixing

Question 6

Queen personal policy’s

Answer 6

guarded her right to address matters that concerned her personally or fell under royal prerogative

Question 7

Conservative influence

Answer 7

offices held by Earl of Sussex and Shrewsbury kept them away from court so reduced their direct political influence
Council did contain some more conservative ministers usually from traditional aristocracy

Question 8

Protestant councillors

Answer 8

1570s nucleus of firmly Ps like Walsingham appointed, though advancement balanced by promotion of more conservative figures like Sir James Croft
resulted in ‘inner ring’ of 8 councillors

Question 9

patronage

Answer 9

bestowed carefully to a wide circle
aimed to ensure as many nobles and gentry as possible were bound through patronage

Question 10

land

Answer 10

learnt from mistakes of father and knew importance of keeping as much as possible

Question 11

peerages

Answer 11

only granted 18

Question 12

nobility numbers

Answer 12

fewer at end than start of reign

Question 13

factions

Answer 13

structure of govt helped prevent factional rivalry getting out of hand. Various influential families balanced eachother out like Boleyns and Parrs

Question 14

Acts passed

Answer 14

438

Question 15

Parliamentary sessions

Answer 15

19
averaged 10 weeks a session
all but 2 asked to grant revenue

Question 16

Privy Council use of/role in Parliament

Answer 16

useful means of communication
could gauge opinion
frequently introduced bills and sat on committees that gave detailed consideration to content

Question 17

Cecil role in Parliament

Answer 17

prepared Crown legislative programmes, assisted by Councils ‘floor managers’
Used own men of business to help him manage Commons, lawyers and experts on Parliamentary procedure

Question 18

opposition

Answer 18

infrequent and disunited
never posed a serious challenge
religious opposition not sustained

Question 19

Liz relationship with Parliament

Answer 19

never intended to rule without them
resisted all attempts to force her to marry or name a successor

Question 20

rejection of royal assent

Answer 20

refused over 60 bills
15 in 1585
normally because bills needed to be redrafted

Question 21

MPs

Answer 21

wanted to impress/ catch attention of Queen
Training ground for Privy Council
most of the time queen wasn’t interested in listening to their advice
by end, over half had a uni education or were trained lawyers so were more self confident and could argue more strongly against the crown

Question 22

Most work of the Commons

Answer 22

on uncontentious issues like land disputes

Question 23

Golden speech

Answer 23

1601
many MPs left chamber in tears

Question 24

access to Queen

Answer 24

royal servants paid little and relied on tips paid by people who wanted access to court

Question 25

disagreement among Privy Council

Answer 25

no agreement over best course of action to check growth of Spanish power

Question 26

Queen way of policy

Answer 26

slow and over-cautious

Question 27

persuading Liz

Answer 27

well-argued case could sway her threats of resignation- Cecil threatened to resign 1560 to pressure military action Scotland

Question 28

monopolies

Answer 28

unpopular 1601 caused clash between Queen and parliament, so MPs successfully refused to grant her extra taxes for war against Spain

Question 29

Dudley

Answer 29

often disagreed sharply with Liz and openly voiced his concerns

Question 30

rivals

Answer 30

Cecil and Dudley (managed) Earl of Essex and Robert Cecil (made govt difficult)

Question 31

problems with Privy Council in later reign

Answer 31

number of ministers died in quick succession 1580s Dudley Sep 1588 by 1597 council had 11 members Failed to make immediate replacements, relied on middle-aged sons of former councillors-often lacked fathers skilled Absence of senior noblemen

Question 32

Cecil retirement

Answer 32

refused to let him even though his effectiveness diminished in 1590s

Question 33

taxation

Answer 33

persistent failure to reform the system of direct taxation

Question 34

Parliament by 1593

Answer 34

traditional methods of parliamentary management began to have less success

Question 35

Peter Wentworth

Answer 35

1576 imprisoned in ToL for demanding greater freedom of speech 1593 imprisoned for arguing for a named successor showed queens temper had worsened

Question 36

Parliament leverage

Answer 36

leverage over crown because Liz forced to rely on Parliament subsidies during years of war

Question 37

Clashes in Parliament

Answer 37

1566 MPs angered Liz by discussing succession 1563-66 group of Puritans organised to press for more religious reforms 1566- Liz prevented passage of bills for further reforms 1572 Liz refused to back calls for MQS execution

Question 38

local govt relied on

Answer 38

local men of standing in local communities to implement royal policies they accepted heavier workload because of prestige and influence its role carried in community

Question 39

JPs

Answer 39

maintained law by settling disputes, punishing offenders and administrating a range of govt policies, including poor laws in difficult positions of living in communities they administered, some ignored policies they knew would be unpopular or used position for personal profit against local rivals

Question 40

Lord Lieutenant

Answer 40

gained more duties, appointed permanently in nearly every country. Usually from one of the most distinguished families. Often sitting on Privy Council so spent most time in London expected to manage raising troops, supervise work of JPs and report local events to Privy Council Title carried considerable prestige

Question 41

parish officials

Answer 41

huge group each with own small responsibility like distribute poor relief, catch rats

Question 42

Reaction to local govt

Answer 42

growing tendency of govt to interfere in local communities (like instructing parish priest on how to conduct his services) wasn’t always welcome

Question 43

Examples of cohesive Parliament

Answer 43

April-May 1571 granted subsidy to pay for suppression of 1569 rebellion and was happy to support the tightening of laws against Catholics Feb-Mar 1589 voted double subsidy for war against Spain Oct 1597-Feb 1598 Liz was desperately short of cash, introduction of poor law and granted triple subsidy