Henry VIII, 1485–1509: Government - Ministers, Cromwell Flashcards

1
Q

What were Cromwell’s main policies (excluding religious ones)?

A
  • Succession Acts
  • Act of Union with Wales
  • Jurisdiction in Liberties Act
  • Council of the North
  • Royal Council
  • Finances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main timeline of Cromwell’s main policies

A

• 1484
- Council of the North established

• 1534
- First Succession Act

• 1535
- Jurisdiction in Liberties Act

• 1536
- Second Succession Act
- Act of Union with Wales
- Pilgrimage of Grace
- Council of the North and Royal Council are changed

• 1540
- Cromwell executed

• 1543
- Third Succession Act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How did Cromwell rise to power?

A
  • Secured annulment of marriage to Catherine of Aragon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Succession Acts

A

• First Succession Act, 1534
- Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon made invalid; marriage to Anne Boleyn now valid
- Elizabeth made legitimate; Mary bastardised

• Second Succession Act, 1536
- Follows Cromwell’s fall out with Anne Boleyn and her execution
- Removes Mary and Elizabeth from line of succession

• Third Succession Act, 1543 (after Cromwell)
- Names Edward, Mary and Elizabeth as heirs to the throne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was the First Succession Act passed?

A
  • 1534
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was the Second Succession Act passed?

A
  • 1536
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was the Third Succession Act passed?

A
  • 1543
  • After Cromwell’s execution in 1540
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Act of Union with Wales

A
  • 1536
  • Divided Wales into Shires like England
  • English laws placed upon Wales
  • Wales received 2 MPs in House of Commons for first time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When was the Act of Union with Wales passed?

A
  • 1536
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What were Palatinates? Which areas were Palatinates at the time?

A
  • Areas previously ruled by Catholic bishops with separate jurisdictions from rest of England
  • Lancashire, Cheshire and Durham
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Jurisdiction in Liberties Act

A
  • 1535
  • Reduced the powers of Palatinates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When was the Jurisdiction in Liberties Act passed?

A
  • 1535
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did Cromwell change the Royal Council?

A
  • More professional Royal Council
  • Maximum of 20 members
  • Made up of trained lawyers and bureaucrats, rather than untrained nobility and clergy
  • Smaller grouping of Royal Council after 1536 due to Pilgrimage of Grace and need for expertise for Reformation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Council of the North

A
  • Established in 1484 to improve access to conciliar justice in the north
  • 1536, Pilgrimage of Grace showed need for more control in north
  • Cromwell gives more power to Council of the North and they could deal with cases such as rape, murder and treason
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the Council of the North established?

A
  • 1484
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What event led to the development of the Council of the North? When was this event?

A
  • Pilgrimage of Grace
  • 1536
17
Q

What financial institutions did Cromwell create?

A
  • Court of Augmentations
  • Court of General Surveyors
  • Court of the First Fruit and Tenths
  • Court of Wards
18
Q

What were the purposes of the financial institutions Cromwell created?

A
  • To manage new incomes after Break with Rome but still used alongside Privy Chamber

• The Court of Augmentations
- Controlled the land and finances formerly under the control of the Catholic Church

• The Court of General Surveyors
- Initially handled some of the ex-monastic land, but was soon amalgamated with the Court of Augmentations

• The Court of First Fruits and Tenths
- Collected money previously sent to Rome.

• The Court of Wards
- The King had the ancient feudal right to collect money from the estate of a minor, under the age of 21, who had inherited land

19
Q

When was Cromwell executed?

A
  • 1540