-----HENRY VIII, 1509–1547: FOREIGN POLICY: SCOTLAND Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the main events of foreign policy with Scotland from 1509-1547

A

• 1513
- James IV invades north-east England to distract Henry from invading France
- Battle of Flodden results in death of James IV

• 1538
- James V marries Mary of Guise
- James V refuses to make agreement with England

• 1542
- Scottish beaten at Battle of Solway Moss
- James V dies a week later, Mary Queen of Scots becomes queen

• 1543
- Treaty of Greenwich betrothed Prince Edward to Queen Mary

• 1544
- Treaty collapses
- Earl of Hertford ordered to raid Edinburgh, Leith and St Andrews

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2
Q

When did James IV invade England?

A
  • 1513
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3
Q

Why did James IV invade north-east England?

A
  • To try divert English troops from going to France
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4
Q

How did Henry respond to James IV’s invasion?

A
  • 1513
  • Henry in France so Catherine of Aragon as regent, orders army to fight back
  • James IV killed in Battle of Flodden
  • 10,000 Scots killed; 1,500 English killed
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5
Q

How many Scottish and English troops were killed at the Battle of Flodden?

A
  • 10,000 Scots killed
  • 1,500 English killed
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6
Q

How significant was the Battle of Flodden?

A
  • James IV killed so baby James V becomes king
  • Weakens Scotland so not a threat for a long time
  • Boosts England’s reputation
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7
Q

When does James V marry and who does he marry?

A
  • 1538
  • Marries Mary of Guise, a relative of Francis I
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8
Q

What does Henry do after James V marries and how does James respond?

A
  • Henry seeks agreement to secure English security despite new auld marriage alliance
  • James V refuses, embarrassing Henry
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9
Q

How does Henry respond to James V’s refusal to make an agreement?

A
  • 1542
  • Defeats Scots at Battle of Solway Moss
  • Over 1,000 Scots prisoners taken
  • James V dies a week later, leaving baby Mary as queen
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10
Q

When was the Battle of Solway Moss?

A
  • 1542
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11
Q

Describe the treaty made between Scotland and England

A
  • Treaty of Greenwich
  • 1543
  • Queen Mary betrothed to Prince Edward
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12
Q

When was the Treaty of Greenwich created?

A
  • 1543
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13
Q

Did the Treaty of Greenwich last?

A
  • No
  • Scotland withdraws support for treaty
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14
Q

How does Henry react to the collapse of the Treaty of Greenwich?

A
  • 1544-1545
  • Orders Earl of Hertford (later Protector Somerset) to raid Edinburgh, Leith and St Andrews
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15
Q

When does Earl of Hertford raid Edinburgh, Leith and St Andrews?

A
  • 1544-1545
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16
Q

What were the outcomes of Henry’s foreign policy with Scotland?

A
  • Neglected opportunity to invade Scotland in 1542 after James V’s death
  • Failed to maintain Treaty of Greenwich
  • 1544-1545 raids only alienated Scottish further
  • Prevented Scotland and France from jointly attacking England but at great financial cost (subsidies, debasement, sale of monastic lands) leading to financial difficulties for rest of Tudor dynasty