The Triumph of Elizabeth, 1563-1603: Foreign Affairs - Relations with Spain, Spanish Armada Flashcards

1
Q

What year did the Spanish Armada attack?

A
  • 1588
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2
Q

When did the English fight the Spanish Armada?

A
  • 21 July - August 1588
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3
Q

What mistakes did the Spanish make during the Spanish Armada?

A
  • Distance involved meant English knew about attack and could prepare
  • English saw Armada from Cornwall on 19 July 1588
  • Venture relied on good communication between ships, impossible once sailed
  • South-westerly winds blowing into the Channel made sailing difficult
  • Fleet under-provisioned and poorly led by Duke of Medina Sidonia
  • Philip wrongly assumed the presence of the Armada would force Elizabeth to compromise over the Netherlands and her Protestantism
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4
Q

When did the English see the Armada from Cornwall?

A
  • 19 July 1588
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5
Q

Who led the Spanish Armada?

A
  • Duke of Medina Sidonia
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6
Q

Give examples of good English tactics during the Spanish Armada

A
  • English used beacons to signal that the Armada was nearing

• English positioned navy to force the Armada to sail into the Channel’s south-westerly winds (difficult to sail in)
- Navy then used long-range guns to batter fleet

  • English used fire-ships to separate Armada
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7
Q

When was the Battle of Gravelines?

A
  • 29 July 1588
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8
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Gravelines?

A
  • Duke of Medina Sidonia had to pull away from English gunfire
  • And take fleet on a dangerous journey home around west coast of Ireland and north coast of Scotland
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9
Q

How was the Spanish Armada’s journey home? How much of the original fleet survived?

A
  • Bad weather wrecked many ships
  • Fewer than half of original fleet returned to Spain
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