Henry VIII, 1509–1547: Foreign Policy: HRE & France Under Wolsey Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the main events of the conflict between Charles V and Francis I when Wolsey was in power (1515–1529)

A

• 1518
- Treaty of London

• June 1520
- Field of the Cloth of Gold
- Meets Charles V twice

• 1522
- Henry allies with Charles V and invades France
- Surrey led failed invasion of Calais

• 1525
- Charles V’s army captures Francis I after Battle of Pavia
- Charles V refuses to split France into English and Spanish zone

• 1527
- Henry and Francis I create anti-Habsburg alliance through Treaty of Amiens

• 1528
- France and England go to war with the Habsburgs

• 1529
- French defeated at Battle of Landriano
- Treaty of Cambrai signed
- Wolsey falls from power

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2
Q

Describe the shift in leadership in France during Henry VIII’s reign

A
  • 1515
  • Louis XII dies
  • Francis I replaces him
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3
Q

Describe the shift in leadership of the Holy Roman Empire during Henry VIII’s reign

A
  • 1519
  • Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I dies
  • Holy Roman Emperor Charles V replaces him
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4
Q

How did Francis I alarm Henry after he ascended into power?

A
  • Francis immediately invades northern Italy and recaptures Milan from the Habsburgs
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5
Q

Why did Charles V’s power alarm Henry?

A
  • 1516 – Ferdinand of Aragon dies, so Charles V becomes King of Spain
  • Adds to titles of Duke of Burgundy and Holy Roman Emperor (from 1519)
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6
Q

What role did Henry VIII try to play in Europe?

A
  • Peacemaker
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7
Q

What treaty did Wolsey create to make England a peacemaker? When was it created?

A
  • Treaty of London
  • 1518
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8
Q

What was the Treaty of London?

A
  • 1518
  • Pope Leo X called for crusade on Ottoman power
  • Treaty meant European powers wouldn’t fight with each other
  • Signed by 20 countries
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9
Q

What was the significance of the Treaty of London?

A
  • Surge in England’s reputations
  • Brought England out of isolation and placed it at the centre of European diplomacy
  • Short-lived
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10
Q

Why was the Treaty of London short-lived?

A
  • 1519 – Charles V becomes Holy Roman Emperor
  • France felt encircled by Charles’ territory
  • Holy Roman Emperor always laid claim to Italy but Francis I had invaded Milan
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11
Q

When was the Field of the Cloth of Gold?

A
  • June 1520
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12
Q

Describe what the Field of the Cloth of Gold was and its significance

A
  • Meeting between Francis I and Henry in France
  • Involved lavish pavilions and entertainment
  • No real diplomatic achievements made
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13
Q

How did England try to be a peacemaker in 1520?

A

• Met with both Francis I and Charles V
- Field of the Cloth of Gold with France
- Met with Charles V twice

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14
Q

Who does Henry side with in 1522 and why?

A
  • Sides with Charles V (Spain and HRE)
  • Charles V was Catherine of Aragon’s nephew
  • Henry wants to gain territory in France
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15
Q

When does Henry VIII invade France? How successful was the invasion?

A
  • 1522 and 1523
  • Unsuccessful
  • 1522 – Surrey led failed invasion of Calais
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16
Q

At what battle does Charles V capture Francis I? When did this happen?

A
  • Battle of Pavia
  • 1525
17
Q

What does Henry ask Charles V following the Battle of Pavia and how does Charles V respond?

A
  • Henry asks for France to be divided into a Spanish and English zone
  • Charles V refuses
18
Q

How does Henry respond to the aftermath of the Battle of Pavia?

A
  • 1527
  • Treaty of Amiens
  • Anti-Imperial alliance with France
19
Q

Why does Henry side with France in 1527?

A
  • 1525 – Charles V refuses to split France with England after Battle of Pavia
  • Charles V opposed Henry’s divorce with Catherine of Aragon (his aunt)
  • Charles V had influence over Pope
20
Q

When does Henry and France declare war with Charles V?

A
  • 1528
21
Q

What was the outcome of the English and French war against Charles V?

A
  • 1529
  • Charles V defeated French at Battle of Landriano
  • Charles V and Francis I makes peace through Treaty of Cambrai
  • England included in treaty last minute