Hepatobiliary & Pancreas Histology Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
All nutrients (except chylomicrons) absorbed in the alimentary canal are transported directly to the liver via this structure
A
Portal vein
2
Q
Iron-rich blood from the spleen is routed, by way of this structure directly to the liver for processing
A
Portal vein
3
Q
Does the liver have endocrine or exocrine functions?
A
Both
4
Q
This is the liver’s exocrine secretion
A
Bile
5
Q
Does the same cell function in both the formation of the liver’s exocrine secretion (bile) as well as its endocrine products?
A
Yes
(hepatocyte)
6
Q
This is a fibrous connective tissue capsule that surrounds the liver
A
Glisson’s capsule
7
Q
Glisson’s capsule is a fibrous connective tissue capsule surrounding this organ
A
Liver
8
Q
Superficial to Glisson’s capsule, the liver is enveloped by visceral peritoneum of this type of epithelium
(except where it adheres to the diaphragm via the coronary ligament)
A
Simple squamous
9
Q
Hepatic artery is a branch of this
A
Celiac trunk
10
Q
Liver lobules are roughly this shape, with a central vein at its center and six portal triads at its periphery
A
Hexagonal
11
Q
Central veins of the liver lobules drain into these veins, and then to inferior vena cava
A
Sublobular veins
12
Q
The liver consists of organized plates of hepatocytes, which in the adult are normally this many cells thick and separated by sinusoidal capillaries
A
One
13
Q
The liver consists of organized plates of hepatocytes, which in young individuals are normally this many cells thick
A
Two
14
Q
The walls of hepatic sinusoids (endothelial cells) are fenestrated for this function
A
Allows passage of compounds
(metabolites, nutrients, chemical compounds, cellular debris)
15
Q
The portal triad is made up of these three structures which course together
A
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct
16
Q
This component of the portal triad is rich in nutrients
A
Hepatic portal vein
17
Q
This component of the portal triad supplies the liver with oxygen
A
Hepatic artery
18
Q
The bile duct is lined with this type of epithelium, that becomes columnar near the porta hepatitis
A
Cuboidal
19
Q
The bile duct is lined with cuboidal epithelium, that becomes this type near the porta hepatitis
A
Columnar
20
Q
This is the boundary between the connective tissue stroma (portal triad) and the parenchyma
A
Limiting plate
21
Q
The limiting plate is the boundary between these two components of the liver
A
Connective tissue stroma (portal triad) and the parenchyma
22
Q
The parenchyma of the liver is this many cells thick
A
One
23
Q
The parenchyma of the liver is separated by these
A
Sinusoids
24
Q
Hepatocytes radiate from the central vein, forming fenestrated plates of liver cells, separated from each other by vascular spaces known as this
A
Hepatic sinusoids
25
This is the space along the portal canal that surrounds the vessels in the portal area where lymph collects to enter small tributaries of lymph vessels
Space of Mall
26
This is a perisinusoidal space that separates the hepatocytes and the liver sinusoids
Space of Disse
27
This is a continuation of the Space of Mall, and consists of hepatocyte microvilli
Space of Disse
28
The Space of Disse is a continuation of this
Space of Mall
29
This acts as an intermediate compartment for plasma nutrients between hepatocytes and the bloodstream, as they do not come in contact
Space of Disse
30
These cells belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system and are a regular part of the vessel sinusoid lining of the liver
Removal of damaged erythrocytes
Kupffer cells
31
Processes of these cells span the sinusoidal lumen and may even partially occlude it
Are activated upon liver injury
Take up stains
Kupffer cells (macrophages)
32
This cell type found in the perisinusoid space (Space of Disse) is the primary storage site for Vitamin A in lipid droplets
Stellae (Ito) cells
33
Hepatic stellate (Ito) cells are the primary storage site for this compound
Vitamin A
34
In certain pathologic conditions, such as chronic inflammation or liver cirrhosis, these cells lose their lipid and vitamin A storage capability and differentiate into cells with characteristics of myofibroblasts
Hepatic stellate (Ito) cells
35
Vitamin A is released from these cells as retinol, which is transported from the liver to the retina to form rhodopsin, the visual pigment of rods and cones
Hepatic stellate (Ito) cells
36
Vitamin A is released from stellate (Ito) cells as this compound, which is transported from the liver to the retina to form rhodopsin, the visual pigment of rods and cones
Retinol
37
Hepatic lymph originates in this perisinusoidal space
Space of Disse
38
This liver lobule type's flow direction through sinusoids to central vein
Classic liver lobule
39
This liver lobule type functions in distribution of bile from hepatocytes to a certain bile duct
Portal lobule
40
This liver lobule type's blood flow is from the distributing arteriole
Liver acinus (Acinus of Rappaport)
41
Three lobules contacting each other is known as a portal area, which houses these 4 structures
Branches of hepatic artery
Large limbs of portal vein
Interlobular bile ducts
Lymph vessels
42
The interlobular bile ducts are lined by this type of epithelium
Simple cuboidal
43
This liver lobule type emphasizes the exocrine functions of the liver
Portal lobule
(bile secretion)
44
This liver lobule type is the structural unit that provides the best correlation between blood and perfusion, metabolic activity, and liver pathology
Liver acinus
45
In the liver acinus, hepatocytes are arranged in these different zones
Zone 1 (periphery of classic lobule; closest to branches of portal vein and hepatic artery)
Zone 2
Zone 3 (closest to central vein of classic lobule)
46
This zone of the liver acinus is the periphery of the classic lobule and closest to branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery
Zone 1
47
This zone of the liver acinus is the most metabolically active
Zone 1
48
This zone of the liver acinus is the "Periportal zone"
zone 1
49
This zone of the liver acinus is the most nutrient-oxygenated, and last affected by ischemia
Zone 1
50
This zone of the liver acinus is affected first by viral hepatitis
Zone 1
51
This zone of the liver acinus is the "intermediate zone"
Zone 2
52
This zone of the liver acinus is closest to the central vein of the classic lobule
Zone 3
53
This zone of the liver acinus is the "centrilobular zone"
Zone 3
54
This zone of the liver acinus is the least oxygenated, so first affected by ischemia
Zone 3
55
This zone of the liver acinus is most sensitive to metabolic toxins
Zone 3
56
This zone of the liver acinus has vacuoles that show lipid accumulation and atrophic dying hepatocytes
Zone 3
57
The biliary tree is lined by these cells, which monitor blood flow and regulate content
Cholangiocytes
58
Cholangiocytes are mainly this shape
Cuboidal
59
Inside the liver, this structure defines the apical region of the hepatocyte, and the sinusoidal space faces the basal domain
Bile canaliculus
60
Inside the liver, the bile canaliculus defines the apical region of the hepatocyte, and this faces the basal domain
Sinusoidal space
61
Inside the liver, bile is secreted into this, which are the smallest branches of the biliary tree
Bile canaliculi
62
The bile canaliculi merge to form these canals, before draining into the bile ductules of the poral areas
Canals of Hering
63
Canals of hering are lined by these two cell types
Cholangiocytes (simple cuboidal) and hepatocytes
64
These structures are lined by simple cuboidal cholangiocytes and hepatocytes and exhibits contractile activity that assist with unidirectional flow towards portal triad
Canals of Hering
65
Canals of Hering have been shown to serve as a reservoir of these cells
Liver progenitor cells
66
These structures serve as a reservoir of liver progenitor cells
Also has contractile activity that assists with unidirectional flow towards portal triad
Canals of Hering
67
Are canals of Hering or bile ductules lined partly by hepatocytes and partly by cholangiocytes?
Canals of Hering
68
Are canals of Hering or bile ductules lined entirely by cholangiocytes?
Bile ductules
69
The right and left hepatic ducts combine to form this structure
Common hepatic duct
70
The cystic duct (with spiral valve of Heister) joins the common hepatic duct to form this
Common bile duct
71
The common bile duct combines with the main pancreatic duct to form this
Ampulla of Vater
72
These two ducts form the ampulla of Vater
Common bile duct and Main pancreatic duct
73
The ampulla of Vater drains into the descending portion of the duodenum through this
Sphincter of Oddi
74
The Ampulla of Vader drains into this organ through the sphincter of Oddi
Duodenum (descending portion)
75
The biliary duct system is lined with this type of epithelium of cholangiocytes
Simple columnar
76
This layer of the biliary duct system is thick near the duodenal papilla, where it contributes to the formation of a sphincter
Muscularis externae
77
The biliary duct system has a thick muscularis externae near the duodenal papilla, where it contributes to the formation of this
Sphincter
78
This is a pancreozymic secretion by neuroendocrine cells of the duodenum that stimulates gallbladder contraction
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
79
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a pancreozymic secretion by neuroendocrine cells of the duodenum that stimulates contraction of this structure
Gallbladder
80
This is a blind pouch that receives dilute bile from the hepatic duct
Removes excess water and concentrates bile
Gallbladder
81
The gallbladder wall is composed of this type of epithelium in the mucosa, that has numerous apical microvilli and a well vascularized lamina propria
Simple columnar
82
This gallbladder wall layer is well vascularized and folds when empty
Lamina propria
83
The gallbladder wall lacks these two layers
Muscularis mucosae
Submucosa
84
The gallbladder receives dilute bile from this duct
Hepatic duct
85
The gallbladder discharges bile into this duct
Common bile duct
86
This layer of the gallbladder wall is thin and houses collagen, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle cells
Muscularis externa
87
External to this layer of the gallbladder wall is a connective tissue layer that houses innervation and vascular structures
Muscularis externae
88
The gallbladder is attached to the liver surface via this
Adventitia
89
The gallbladder is non-attached to the liver via this
Serosa
90
These are hardened deposits of the digestive fluid bile, that can form within the gallbladder
Gallstones
91
These occur when there is an imbalance in the chemical constituents of bile that result in precipitation of one or more of the components
Gallstones
92
Gallstones are hardened deposits of this
Digestive fluid bile
93
Lighter, larger gallstones are composed of this
Cholesterol
94
Smaller, darker gallstones are composed of this
Bile pigment
95
Are gallstones composed of cholesterol smaller or larger?
Larger
(and lighter)
96
Are gallstones composed of bile pigment smaller or larger?
Smaller
(and darker)
97
This part of the pancreas sits posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels
Uncinate process
98
These are the two main ducts of the pancreas
Main pancreatic duct
Accessory pancreatic duct
99
The Duct of Wirsung is also known as this
Main pancreatic duct
100
The Main pancreatic duct begins in this part of the pancreas
Tail
101
This pancreatic duct begins in the tail, runs to the right along the entire pancreas and carries pancreatic juice containing enzymes
Main pancreatic duct
102
This joins the bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater) before entering the second part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
Main pancreatic duct
103
Santorini's duct is also known as this
Accessory pancreatic duct
104
The accessory pancreatic duct begins in this part of the pancreas
Lower portion of the head
105
This pancreatic duct begins in the lower portion of the head of the pancreas and drains a small portion of the head and body
Accessory pancreatic duct
106
This pancreatic duct empties at the minor duodenal papilla approximately 2 cm above the greater papilla
Accessory pancreatic duct
107
This pancreatic duct enters the second part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
Main pancreatic duct
108
This pancreatic duct empties at the minor duodenal papilla
Accessory pancreatic duct
109
Does the exocrine or endocrine pancreas produce and secrete enzymes into the duodenum that are essential for digestion?
Exocrine
110
Does the exocrine or endocrine pancreas produce and secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood?
Endocrine
111
Is the exocrine pancreas found throughout the organ?
Yes
112
Is the endocrine pancreas found throughout the organ?
No; dispersed in distinct cell masses called islets of Langerhans
113
This is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas
Acinus
114
The endocrine pancreas is dispersed in these distinct cell masses
Islets of Langerhans
115
This component of the pancreas has concentrated proenzymes in acidophilic zymogen granules, giving it an eosinophilic appearance; and contain digestive enzymes
Acinar cells (of exocrine pancreas)
116
These cells are the beginning structures of the duct system of the exocrine pancreas
Centroacinar cells
117
These cells are continuous with the cells of the intercalated duct that lies outside of the acinus
Centroacinar cells
118
The intercalated duct of the pancreas is lined by this type of epithelium
Simple low cuboidal
119
This part of the exocrine pancreas adds bicarbonate and water to the exocrine solution
Intercalated duct
120
The intralobulated collecting duct is lined by this type of epithelium
Simple cuboidal
121
This part of the exocrine pancreas has enteroendocrine and occasional goblet cells
Drain into the main pancreatic duct of Wirsung, which runs the length of the gland
Interlobulated duct
122
The interlobulated duct is lined by this type of epithelium
Low columnar
123
The interlobulated duct drains into this, which runs the length of the gland
Main pancreatic duct of Wirsung
124
Does the pancreas have striated ducts?
NO
(differs from the parotid gland)
125
Does the pancreas have stratified ducts?
No
(differs from the parotid gland)
126
Does the pancreas have myoepithelial cells?
No
(differs from the parotid gland)
127
Secretin and cholecystokinin are released in response to this
Acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach
128
This hormone stimulates duct cells in the pancreas to secrete a large volume of bicarbonate and little to no enzyme content
Secretin
129
Secretin stimulates these cells in the pancreas to secrete a large volume of bicarbonate and little to no enzyme content
Duct cells
130
Secretin stimulates duct cells in the pancreas to secrete a large volume of this compound, and little to no enzyme content
Bicarbonate
131
This hormone causes pancreatic acinar cells to secrete their proenzymes
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
132
Cholecystokinin (CCK) causes these pancreatic cells to secrete their proenzymes
Acinar cells
133
These islet cells secrete glucagon
Alpha cells
134
These islet cells secrete insulin
Beta cells
135
These islet cells secrete somatostatin
Delta
136
These islet cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide
PP(F)
137
These islet cells secrete ghrelin
Epsilon
138
The insuloacinar portal system is the blood supply to the endocrine or exocrine pancreas?
Endocrine
139
Alpha islet cells secrete this compound
Glucagon
140
Beta islet cells secrete this compound
Insulin
141
Delta islet cells secrete this compound
Somatostatin
142
PP(F) islet cells secrete this compound
Pancreatic polypeptide
143
Epsilon islet cells secrete this compound
Ghrelin
