Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI - Week 2 > Liver neoplasms > Flashcards

Liver neoplasms Flashcards

(88 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Localized hyperplasia growth around a vascular anomaly or altered blood flow

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Multiple Focal nodular hyperplasia is associated with this type of lesion

A

Vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This liver neoplasm may have central AVM, may be adjacent to hemangioma or associated with Budd-Chiari
Also associated with Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pale nodular mass with central stellate scar is seen in this condition

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does Focal nodular hyperplasia have a capsule?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is Focal nodular hyperplasia circumscribed?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are hepatocyte cords normal in Focal nodular hyperplasia?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In this liver neoplasm, surrounding liver is normal, hepatocyte cords are normal, and there are fibrous tracts and scar
Arteries and bile ductules - thick walled arteries, poorly formed elastic laminae

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia is usually this size

A

< 5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia is more common in males or females?

A

Young female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the levels of alpha-fetoprotein in Focal nodular hyperplasia?

A

Normal
(this rules out hepatocellular carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Radiology of this condition will show a feeder vessel with central scar

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fibrotic liver with ducts and abnormal arterioles are seen on biopsy in this condition

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is Focal nodular hyperplasia at risk of rupture?

A

No, only rarely ruptures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for Focal nodular hyperplasia?

A

No treatment unless symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hepatic adenoma most commonly occurs in this patient population

A

Young women - oral contraceptives, estrogen, anabolic steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hepatic adenoma has low risk of malignant transformation, due to activation of this

A

Beta-catenin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Do males or females have the highest risk of malignant transformation of Hepatic adenoma?

A

Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the levels of alpha-fetoprotein in Hepatic adenoma?

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This is a well-defined vascular mass of liver parenchyma, often subcapsular
Most >10cm
Intratumoral hemorrhage may produce fibrosis

A

Hepatic adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Are hepatocyte cords normal in Hepatic adenoma?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Morphology of this liver condition will have scattered arteries but no ducts

A

Hepatic adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the typical size of Hepatic adenoma?

A

> 10 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In Hepatic adenoma, intratumoral hemorrhage may produce this

A

fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the treatment for Hepatic adenoma?
Resection may need transplant if multiple and bilateral
26
Most common primary malignant tumor of liver in adults Forms in cirrhotic livers from any etiology
Hepatocellular carcinoma
27
This promotes Hepatocellular carcinoma formation
Aspergillus aflatoxin
28
Aspergillus aflatoxin promotes formation of the liver tumor
Hepatocellular carcinoma
29
Aflatoxin produces a specific mutation on codon 249 of this Is associated with Hepatocellular carcinoma
p53
30
Perinatal hepatitis B can cause this liver tumor in high-incidence areas (Subsaharan Africa, SE Asia)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
31
What are the levels of alpha-fetoprotein in Hepatocellular carcinoma?
Elevated especially in advanced disease used to diagnosis and monitor
32
This compound is elevated in Hepatocellular carcinoma, and used to diagnose and monitor
Alpha-fetoprotein
33
Resection of this liver tumor is difficult due to cirrhotic background Hematogenous spread to lung common
Hepatocellular carcinoma
34
Why is resection difficult with Hepatocellular carcinoma?
Due to cirrhotic background
35
In Hepatocellular carcinoma, hematogenous spread to this organ is common
Lung
36
Morphology of this condition will show background cirrhosis, +/- dominant nodule, tan to yellow to brown, hemorrhage or necrosis, may invade vessels
Hepatocellular carcinoma
37
Morphology of this condition will have abnormal parenchyma architecture, with cords >2 cells thick, and acini or solid sheets
Hepatocellular carcinoma
38
This Hepatocellular carcinoma variant has layers of collagen and groups of atypical hepatocytes
Fibrolamellar variant
39
Hepatocellular carcinoma fibrolamellar variant is most commonly in this type of patient
Young women No background cirrhosis (younger ages; good prognosis)
40
Is there background cirrhosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma fibrolamellar variant?
No
41
Does Hepatocellular carcinoma fibrolamellar variant have a good or poor prognosis?
Good (due to younger age and no background cirrhosis)
42
Hepatocellular carcinoma is typically a mass of this size
> 10 mm
43
What are the levels of alpha-fetoprotein in Hepatocellular carcinoma?
Elevated ( > 20 ng/ml)
44
This is a malignant tumor of bile duct epithelium Associated with chronic inflammatory lesions of biliary tree
Cholangiocarcinoma
45
Chlonorchis and Opisthorchis infection is a liver fluke associated with this liver tumor
Cholangiocarcinoma
46
Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with chronic inflammatory lesions of this
Biliary tree
47
Cholangiocarcinoma is common in this location of the world
SE Asia (due to liver flukes)
48
These are the two types of Cholangiocarcinoma
Intrahepatic and extrahepatic
49
This type of Cholangiocarcinoma is a large infiltrating tumor in non-cirrhotic liver
Intrahepatic
50
This type of Cholangiocarcinoma occurs in right, left, or common hepatic ducts
Perihilar tumors (extrahepatic)
51
This is a Cholangiocarcinoma at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts
Klatskin tumor
52
Klatskin tumor is a Cholangiocarcinoma at the junction of these two ducts
Right and left hepatic ducts
53
This type of Cholangiocarcinoma presents early with obstructive jaundice
Extrahepatic
54
Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma presents early with this symptom
Obstructive jaundice
55
Cholangiocarcinoma patients typically are this age
60-70 year olds
56
Weight loss, painless jaundice, clay-color stool, and dark urine are signs of this liver tumor
Cholangiocarcinoma
57
Ca 19-9 is a marker for this liver tumor
Cholangiocarcinoma
58
What are the levels of alkaline phosphatase in Cholangiocarcinoma?
High (GGT also high)
59
Well-formed glands in dense desmoplastic stroma, and pronounced cytologic atypica are seen morphologically in this liver tumor
Cholangiocarcinoma
60
Perineural invasion is almost universal in this liver tumor, in which diagnosis is often made by EUS-directed fine needle aspiration
Cholangiocarcinoma
61
What is the main prognostic indicator of Cholangiocarcinoma?
Resectability
62
Does extrahepatic or intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma have a better prognosis?
Extrahepatic
63
This liver tumor spreads with intrahepatic vascular invasion Regional lymph nodes (hepatic hilum) Peritoneal carcinomatosis Hematogenous spread to lungs and bone
Cholangiocarcinoma
64
This is also known as vonMeyenberg complex
Bile duct hamartoma
65
This is small incidental asymptomatic collections of bile ducts within fibrous stroma Very common; sporadic Increased in polycystic kidney/liver disease
Bile duct hamartoma
66
Most common liver tumor of early childhood Involves WNT-signaling pathway (beta-catenin)
Hepatoblastoma
67
What are the levels of alpha-fetoprotein in Hepatoblastoma?
Elevated
68
Fetal type hepatocytes are seen histologically in this condition, which can present with abdominal mass and/or jaundice
Hepatoblastoma
69
Hepatoblastoma is associated with these two syndromes
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Familial adenomatous polyposis
70
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Familial adenomatous polyposis are associated with this liver tumor
Hepatoblastoma
71
This is a benign vascular tumor, that is the most common primary liver tumor Most asymptomatic, may cause vague abdominal pain
Hemangioma
72
Does Hemangioma have risk of rupture?
Rarely rupture if large Resect if in danger of rupture
73
What is the typical size of Hemangioma?
< 4 cm
74
Morphology of this liver tumor is well-defined, soft, spongy mass, with blood filled channels
Hemangioma
75
This malignant tumor of endothelial cells is rare, and is associated with vinyl chloride, Thorotrast, and androgens Rapidly fatal (within months)
Angiosarcoma
76
Morphology of this condition is multicentric, both lobes +/- spleen, infiltrative (often invades PV or HV)
Angiosarcoma
77
Is surgery used in Angiosarcoma?
No - usually not helpful
78
Morphology of this liver tumor is variegated, solid and hemorrhagic Atypical pleomorphic endothelial cells
Angiosarcoma
79
Is metastatic disease or primary liver malignancy more common?
Metastatic is much more common
80
Metastatic liver disease may outgrow blood supply to produce this
Central necrosis
81
Metastatic liver disease is most common in these 4 locations
Colon, breast, pancreas, lung
82
Disease dominated by kidney cysts and progressive renal failure A proportion of patients also have multiple liver cysts and/or berry aneurysms
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
83
Similar, but distinct, disease with cystic disease isolated to liver Results in adult hepatomegaly due to numerous simple cysts
Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease
84
Is Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease isolated to the kidney?
No - can also produce liver cysts and/or berry aneurysms
85
Is Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease isolated to the liver?
yes
86
Autosomal dominant polycystic liver and kidney diseases are two disorders that result in this due to numerous simple cysts
Adult hepatomegaly
87
Is liver function maintained in Autosomal dominant polycystic liver and kidney diseases?
Liver function maintained until late in course
88
What are the levels of alk phos in Autosomal dominant polycystic liver and kidney diseases?
Normal

GI - Week 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions