Herpesviridae Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
T/F. Herpesviridae are enveloped and can be spherical or pleomorphic.
A
True
2
Q
Where do herpesviridae replicate in the cell?
A
nucleus
3
Q
T/F. Herpesviridae survive well outside of the host.
A
False.
4
Q
What is the most common mode of transmission for herpesviridae?
A
droplet
5
Q
T/F. All herpesviruses cause persistent infection with periodic or continuous shedding.
A
true
6
Q
Describe herpes inclusion bodies
A
Type A Cowdry bodies
Intranuclear
eosinophilic
7
Q
What is the advantage of herpesviruses being able to form a syncytium?
A
The virus can spread without being exposed to the immune system
8
Q
Which viruses are included in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae?
A
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and 2 Porcine Herpesvirus 1 Equine Herpesvirus 1 and 4 Canine Herpesvirus 1 Feline Herpesvirus 1 Gallid Herpesvirus 1 and 2
9
Q
What are the 2 main subtypes of BHV 1 and their disease names?
A
- 1 - respiratory infection: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
- 2- genital inf’n: infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
10
Q
T/F. After infection with BHV 1, cattle have a lifelong latent infection with periodic shedding.
A
True
11
Q
Latency site for BHV 1.1? 1.2?
A
- 1 - Trigeminal nerve
1. 2 - Sciatic nerve
12
Q
Which virus is associated with bovine “Red Nose”?
A
BHV 1.1
13
Q
How can you differentiate a BHV 1.1 infection from Moraxella infection?
A
BHV 1.1 -lesions confined to conjunctiva
Moraxella - can also cause corneal lesions
14
Q
How does BHV affect newborn calves?
A
Develop severe systemic disease (calves less than 10 days old); FATAL
15
Q
Which diseases does BHV 2 cause?
A
Bovine ulcerative mammilitis
Pseudo-lumpy skin disease
16
Q
Name some clinical signs of bovine ulcerative mammilitis
A
mastitis
decrease milk yield
when severe, teat swollen, painful, bluish, raw ulcers, vesicles
17
Q
Where is Pseudo-lumpy skin disease endemic?
A
Southern Africa
18
Q
T/F. Pseudo-lumpy skin disease has a longer course of disease than Lumpy Skin disease.
A
False. Shorter course
19
Q
What virus causes Mad Itch?
A
Porcine Herpesvirus 1
20
Q
What are some other disease names for Mad Itch?
A
Pseudorabies
Aujeszky Disease
21
Q
T/F. Pseudorabies is zoonotic.
A
False
22
Q
Pigs shed PHV1 in…
A
saliva, nasal discharge, milk
NOT feces or urine
23
Q
T/F. Dogs, cats, and cattle are common secondary hosts for PHV1.
A
True
24
Q
How does Mad Itch spread throughout the CNS? Which pigs are most susceptible to the CNS disease?
A
- axons of cranial nerves
- piglets born to nonimmune sows
25
T/F Swine experience intense puritis when infected with PHV1.
False. Secondary hosts are itchy.
26
What happens if a sow is infected with PHV1 during the first 30 days of gestation?
EED, embryo resorption
27
What happens if a pregnant sow is infected with PHV1 late in her pregnancy?
Mummified, macerated, weak, stillborn, or normal piglet
28
T/F. Cattle and Dogs with PHV1 frequently self-mutilate.
True
29
T/F. Vaccine is very effective in pigs for PHV1.
False. Can alleviate CS in some pigs but does NOT prevent infection.
30
What is the most virulent equine herpesvirus?
EHV1
31
What are the sites of latency for EHV1?
CNS: Trigeminal ganglia
| Lymphatic system: Lymphocytes
32
Pathogenicity pathway of EHV1
epithelial cells --> endothelial cells in lamina propria --> MQs and T cells in lymph nodes --> circulation/viremia --> infection of respiratory epithelium --> evades immune system while in T cells and trigeminal ganglia
33
When EHV1 is reactivated, where is the virus being shed from?
nasal epithelium
34
How does EHV1 cause immune suppression, in relation to MHC?
encodes a protein that inhibits the TAP protein and blocks the delivery of antigen to MHC I
35
What are the 3 main forms of EHV1?
Resp Dz
CNS (Encephalomyelopathy)
Reproduction (abortions in LAST TRIMESTER)
36
T/F. If a lot of mares are exposed to an aborted fetus infected with EHV1, an abortion storm will start.
True. 3 year cycles.
37
What is the disease name of EHV4 ?
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis
38
T/F. EHV 4 is more severe than EHV 1.
False. EHV 1 more severe.
39
Which horses should you vaccinate for EHV 4?
Pregnant mares and suckling foals
40
What type of vaccine is used for EHV?
Live attenuated and inactivated EHV1 (some are combined EHV 1 and 4)
41
What are the disease names for canine herpesvirus 1?
Hemorrhagic disease of puppies
| Fading puppy syndrome
42
T/F. CHV 1 is typically passed by...
- contact with infected secretions (neonates)
- venereal (older dogs)
True.
Neonates contact infected secretions from mother (oral, nasal, vaginal), in utero, or other littermates
Older dogs contract via venereal OR contact with infected secretions (includes urine)
43
If a mother dog is infected with CHV 1 while pregnant, and the puppy survives, within how many days of birth will the puppy become sick?
9 days
44
What are 2 main factors affecting systemic neonatal infections with CHV 1?
1) Body temperature:
puppies with hypothermia allow quicker and more severe viral disease because herpes ideally replicates at 33C; ; little puppies less than 3 weeks can't regulate their body temperature - it's based off of mom's body heat and ambient temperature
2) Maternal immunity
maternal ABs provide protection
45
T/F. CHV 1 may cause CNS infection.
True. Meningoencephalitis, ataxia, blindness (in puppies that survive the systemic disease). Often pups will die before the neuro signs are seen.
46
How can you tell, in necropsy, by looking at the infected animal's organs that they probably had CHV1?
Multiple organs will have focal ares of necrosis and hemorrhage
47
What are two ways to decrease the likelihood of puppy hypothermia?
Whelping box
| Infrared lamp
48
What is the name of the disease caused by FHV 1?
Feline Rhinotracheitis
49
T/F. Aerosol transmission is a primary method in spread of FHV 1.
False! Direct contact.
50
Why is viremia rare in FHV 1?
The virus like the lower temperature of the respiratory tract
51
What will happen to kittens less than 4 weeks old infected with FHV 1?
severe URI
fatal bronchopneumonia d/t secondary bacterial inf'n
conjunctivitis and ulcerative keratitis
52
What should you use to detect corneal ulcers in cats with FHV1?
Fluorescein ophthalmic strip.
| Break in corneal epithelium exposes the corneal storm which stains with fluorescence
53
What disease is caused by Gallid Herpesvirus 1 and which species does it typically infect?
Infectous laryngotracheitis, chickens
54
What is the primary method of transmission for GHV1?
Inhalation
55
T/F. Site of latency for GHV 1 is the facial nerve.
False. Trigeminal nerve
56
What is the main pathogenesis of GHV 1 and clinical signs associated?
- Formation of diphtheritic membrane that blocks the trachea - "tracheal plug" - death by asphyxiation
- CS: shaking head a coughing (may be bloody mucous), neck raised and extended during inspiration (Pump Handle Respiration)
57
Which vaccine is preferred to prevent GHV 1, CEO (chick embryo origin) or TCO (tissue culture origin)? Why?
TCO because it doesn't revert to virulence like CEO does (though CEO induces better immunity)
58
What disease is caused by GHV 2?
Marek's disease
59
T/F Cell-free viruses are released from the feather follicles of chickens with GHV 2. They are very infectious but labile.
True
60
What are the 4 Pathotypes of Marek's disease?
1) mild (mMDV) - neural; preventable with turkey herpes fax (HVT)
2) virulent (vMDV) - lots of neural and visceral lymphomas; prevent with HVT
3) very virulent (vvMDV) - neural and visceral lymphomas, viruses are oncogenic in HVT vaccinated chickens; prevent with bivalent vaccine
4) very virulent plus (vv+MDV) - lots of neural and visceral lymphomas, oncogenic in chickens vaccinated with bivalent vaccine
61
T/F Naked virions produce a fully productive Marek's disease infection.
False.
Naked virions produce Productive-Restrictive infection.
Enveloped viruses and cell lysis produce fully productive infection.
62
What are the 5 types of pathogenesis associated with Marek's disease?
1) Fully productive
2) Productive-restrictive
3) Non-productive
4) Non-productive neoplastic
5) Subclinical with virus shedding
63
Which cells may undergo neoplastic transformation in chickens with GHV 2? What antigen is associated with this?
T cells
| MATSA: mark's disease associated tumor specific antigen --> in transformed T cells
64
T/F. MHC II haplotype B21 are susceptible to Marek's disease.
False!
B19 highly susceptible to MD
B21 genetically resistant to MD
65
Which 4 types of lymphomatosis are a associated with Marek's disease?
- Neurological - paresis
- Visceral - bursa atrophy, lymphoid tumors
- Ocular - gray iris, blind
- Cutaneous - enlarged feather follicles (skin leukosis) and nodular skin lesions
66
T/F. Marek's disease is reportable.
True
67
What is the best vaccine to use for GHV 2 and what is it made of?
CV1988/Rispens
| attenuated Marek's mixed with HVT
68
Which virus did we learn that is a Betaherpesvirinae? What is its disease name?
Porcine Herpesvirus 2
| Inclusion body rhinitis; porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV)
69
T/F. Direct contact is the primary mode of transmission for PHV2.
False. Inhalation! (also transplacental)
70
What is the primary site of replication of PHV2?
nasal mucous glands and epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract
71
T/F. Cytomegaly and chronic infection are characteristics of Betaherpesvirinae.
True
72
What are the primary clinical signs associated with PHV2 and what age pigs?
- suckling piglets less than 3 weeks old
| - respiratory symptoms
73
T/F. Gammaherpesvirinae are neurotropic.
False. Lymphotropic.
74
Which disease of Gammaherpesvirinae did we learn about? What virus(es) cause it?
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
AHV 1 (alcephaline herpesvirus 1)
OvHV2 (ovine herpesvirus 2)
(and about 8 others!)
75
Where can AHV1 be found? OvHV2?
- AHV1: Africa
| - OvHV2: worldwide
76
How do cattle get AHV1 from wildebeest?
- infected nasal and ocular secretions that cattle ingest in the pasture
- direct contact or aerosol from YOUNG wildebeest and during calving
77
T/F. In regards to AHV1, the cell-associated form is present in young wildebeest, and the cell-free form in adult wildebeest.
False. Opposite.
78
T/F. Malignant catarrhal fever can be transferred between wildebeest (WB to WB) and between sheep (sheep to sheep).
True
79
T/F. Cattle are the primary host of malignant catarrhal fever.
False. Dead end host! (with cell-associated form)
80
Which clinical signs are most common in cattle?
Head and eye
| includes sloughing of hoof and horn coverings; swelling of joints and lymph nodes; nervous system signs
81
What is the pathognomonic necropsy finding associated with Malignant Catarrhal Fever?
Zebra striping in the colon!
| longitudinal linear severe congestion of mucosa
82
Why is there no vaccine for malignant catarrhal fever?
low incidence
83
How can you prevent MCF?
Separate cattle from sheep and wildebeest
