Hi - Liver Flashcards
(56 cards)
Mallory Denk bodies
Alcoholic hepatitis
Defining histological features of alcoholic hepatitis
Fibrosis
Inflammation
Ballooning
Mallory Denk bodies
Treatment for alcoholic hepatitis
Supportive
Stop EtOH
Nutrition + vitamins
Occasionally steroids
What can B1 deficiency lead to?
Beri Beri
What can niacin deficiency lead to?
Pellagra
Spider nave
Dupuytren’s contracture
Palmar erythema
Gynaecomastia
What does this suggest?
Chronic stable liver disease
If you see an alcoholic with a visible vein on the abdominal wall, which other finding are you most likely to see:
A: hepatomegaly, B: splenomegaly, C: bilateral palpable kidneys, D: palpable bladder, E: enlarged prostate on PR
B: splenomegaly
EtOH –> nodules form –> cirrhosis. this cause portal Hypertension.
This blood backs up into the splenic vein –> splenomegaly
Patient with chronic stable liver disease recently noticed visible veins, splenomegaly AND ascites. what does this suggest?
Portal hypertension
Hepatic flap is seen in a patient with previously chronic stable liver disease. What does this indicate?
Liver failure
4 possible portosystemic anastomoses?
- Oesophageal varices
- Rectal varices
- Umbilical vein reanalysing
- Spleno-renal shunt
What causes bile salts/acids to rise?
Obstruction of bile ducts
Life cycle of the hepatocyte - how does it move over time?
Hepatocytes are ‘born’ in zone 1, closest to the portal triad,
The move towards zone 3 as they mature
4 defining features of liver cirrhosis
- Whole liver involvement
- Fibrosis
- Nodules of regenerating hepatocytes
- Disrupted vascular architecture - shunting of blood
how to define chronic hepatitis from acute hepatitis
Chronic = abnormal LFTs for >6 months
what is ‘piecemeal necrosis’
Interface hepatitis i.e. inflammation is at the area between lobules + portal triad, resulting in loss of limiting plate between portal triad/hepatocytes
3 types of alcoholic liver disease
- Fatty liver
- Alcoholic hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
Histological features of alcoholic hepatitis
Ballooning of hepatocytes
Mallory Denk bodies (chunks of pink cytoplasm)
Apoptosis
Pericellular fibrosis with fat in middle
Mainly seen in zone 3
anti-mitochondrial antibodies are seen in…?
Primary biliary cholangitis = AMA +ve
which liver disease is associated with UC?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Which chromosome is mutated in haemochromatosis
6
Name the disease in which iron accumulates in macrophages? what is the cause?
haemosiderosis
- caused by repeated blood transfusions
Wilson’s disease - what is the pathophysiology?
Mutation of copper ATPase gene (Chr13) leading to copper overload due to failure of secretion in bile
what is the responsible antibody in autoimmune hepatitis?
Anti-smooth muscle
the effect of a1-antitrypsin deficiency on the liver?
the enzyme is synthesised but cant be secreted
- TONS of enzymes in hepatocytes, but NONE in blood
- Intracytoplasmic inclusions –> fibrosis + cirrhosis
