High/late Middle Ages Flashcards
(47 cards)
Manor
A farming estate where peasants/serfs worked
Serfs
Another name for peasants, people bonded to manors
Tithe
A payment of 1/10 of a peasant’s produce given to the local churches
Money economy
When money was traded for goods, instead of bartering
Commercial capitalism
When investing in trades to make a profit
Bourgeoisie
Artisans/merchants who built walls around new cities
Patricians
Wealthy families with influence who won the rigged elections
Guilds
A group of people in a business association
Apprentice
A person trying to become a master of a craft
Journeymen
The level over apprentices
Masterpiece
A finished piece of a craft made by a journeyman to be judged before becoming a master craftsman
Lay investiture
When secular people chose people to serve the Catholic Church
Pope Gregory VII
The pope who fought lay investiture by claiming the pope’s authority over Christian’s
Henry IV
The king of Germany who disagreed with Gregory’s claims
Pope innocent III
The pope during the height of the Catholic church’s political power, who also used interdict as a punishment
Interdict
When priest aren’t allowed to give sacraments to a group of people
Sacraments
Christian rites
Cistercians
People who were similar to the Benedictines, but preached in public
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
A person who embodied cistercian values and ideals
Hildegard of Bingen
A woman who wrote popular Gregorian chants in a time when only men’s music was popular
Franciscans
A religious order who lived in poverty following St Francis’s lead
Dominicans
Another religious order, who defended the church against heresy
St Francis of Assisi
A saint who gave up his wealthy life to follow Jesus in poverty
Hersey
The denial of basic doctrines
