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Industrial Revolutiin Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Enclosure movement

A

When landowners fenced off common lands and forced peasants to go to town

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2
Q

Capital

A

A ready supply of money

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3
Q

Entrepreneurs

A

British people who found new businesses and profits

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4
Q

Cottage industry

A

When things are produced at home by home-worlers

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5
Q

Flying shuttle

A

Invention weaving faster, more thread needed for production rate

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6
Q

James Hargreaves

A

Inventor of the spinning jenny

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7
Q

Spinning Jenny

A

An invention making thread production speed up (faster than weavers)

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8
Q

Edward Cartwright

A

The inventor of the water powered loom

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9
Q

Steam engine

A

An invention speeding up productions of machinery

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10
Q

James Watt

A

Improved steam engine that let it drive machinery

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11
Q

Henry Cort

A

Invented the process puddling for purifying iron

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12
Q

Puddling

A

Process used to purify iron, used coke (from coal) to burn impurities

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13
Q

Pig iron

A

Another word for crude iron

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14
Q

Richard Trevithick

A

English engineer, made 1st steam locomotives

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15
Q

Manchester

A

Town with many cotton-manufactures

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16
Q

Liverpool

A

The Manchester port

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17
Q

Robert Fulton

A

Built the 1st paddle-wheel steamboat “Clermont”

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18
Q

Industrial capitalism

A

Economic system based on indus. production, made the indus. middle class

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19
Q

Factory act of 1833

A

An act limiting allowed child labor

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20
Q

Socialism

A

When society (the gov) owns factories, opposite of capitalism

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21
Q

Karl Marx

A

Called old reformers utopian socialists

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22
Q

Utopian socialists

A

A title for past reformers

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23
Q

Robert Owen

A

British cotton manufac. utopian socialists, thought people would show goodness if living in cooperative environment

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24
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

When social/technical/economic reforms happened in Europe and North America

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25
Congress of Vienna
When Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia met to make a final peace settlement
26
Klemens von Metternich
Austrian foreign minister, most influential at Vienna
27
Vienna
Where the congress of Vienna occurred
28
Conservatism
Belief I’m tradition and social stability
29
Concert of Europe
When Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, and later France would meet to maintain peace in Europe
30
Principle of Intervention
The right for powers to send armies into other countries rebeling
31
Liberalism
Belief that people should be free from gov restraints, liked Bill of Rights
32
Bill of rights (American)
Document ensuring freedoms (liberals liked)
33
Constitution
A written document ensuring rights
34
Nationalism
When people identify as a part of their nation (chief loyalty to the nation)
35
Charles X
Bourbon monarch who was overthrown by liberals
36
Louis Philippe
Cousin of Charles X, supported by upper middle class
37
Constituent assembly
When an election was held to elect a new gov.
38
Universal male suffrage
Voting rights for all male citizens
39
Second republic
Had single legislator, president chosen thru male suffrage (served 4 years)
40
Louis napoleon
First 2nd republic leader, napos. nephew
41
German confederation
When the congress of Vienna recognized 38 Germans independent states
42
The Frankfurt assembly
When an all German parliament assembled to make a constitution
43
The Frankfurt assembly
When an all German parliament assembled to make a constitution
44
Frederick William IV of Prussia
A person offered the throne, declined
45
Prague
Where Austrian military forces crushed the Czech rebels
46
Crimean war
Between Russia and Ottoman Empire, fought over Balkans, poorly fought, many deaths, O.A. waged war Russia sought peace
47
Treaty of Paris
When Russia agreed to let Moldavia and Walachia to be ruled by everyone
48
Piedmont
Italian state, people wanted them to lead the Italy unification, (kingdom)
49
Victor Emmanuel II
The ruler of the kingdom of Piedmont
50
Camillo di Cavour
Named prime minister of Piedmont, wanted economic expansion, allied with Luis napoleon, provoked Austrians into war
51
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Italian patriot, raised 1,000 members for a volunteer army, called ‘Red shirts’
52
Austro Prussian war of 1866
War between New Italian states/Prussia and Austria, Prussia won and gave Italians Venetia, French troops left Rome
53
Militarism
A reliance on military strength
54
Otto von Bismarck
New prime minister of Prussia, disliked opposition, real-politik, strong army, no parliament approval
55
Franco-Prussian war
When Bismarck tricked France into declaring war on Prussia, ended with Nap 3 being captured forcing France to surrender
56
Alsace and Lorraine
Places France was forced to surrender, given to German state
57
William 1
Prussia, emperor of 2nd German Empire
58
Kaiser
Word for emperor
59
Queen Victoria
Longest English reign, strong sense of duty and morals, later made Victorian age
60
Plebiscite
Popular vote
61
Napoleon 3
Made 2nd empire, authoritarian gov
62
Compromise of 1867
Created dual monarchy of Austria and Hungary
63
Budapest
Hungary’s capital
64
Czar Alexander II
made reforms to Russia to catch up with western countries
65
Emancipation
Edict which freed serfs in Russia
66
American civil war
When the North and South fought over slave ownership
67
Abolitionism
Movement to end slavery
68
Secede
Withdraw from/not be a part of
69
Romanticism
Intelectual movement, reaction to enlightenment
70
Neo-gothic
The romantic revival of medieval architecture
71
The British Houses of Parliament
An example of neo-gothic architecture
72
Eugene Delacroix
French painter of romanticism, passion for color
73
Liberty leading the people
Delacroix painting, about standing up to tyrants
74
Ludwig van Beethoven
Composer who bridged classical and romantic music
75
Third symphony
Beethoven piece embodying romanticism
76
Sir Walter Scott
A romanticism artist
77
Ivanhoe
Sir Walter Scott, about classes of Medieval English nights
78
Gothic literature
Books about am attraction to the exotic and unfamiliar
79
William wordsmith
English poet, romantic poetry
80
William Blake
Poet, said human soul was the source of expression, romanticism
81
Songs of innocence
William Blake 1/2 “contrary states of the soul”
82
Songs of experience
William Blake 1/2 “contrary states of the soul”
83
Louis Pasteur
French biologist, created germ theory
84
Organic evolution
The idea animals evolved from past animals
85
Realism
Belief the world should be viewed realistically, in literature emphasized average characters
86
Charles dickens
Realist author who wrote about treatment of the poor, British
87
Oliver Twist/David Copperfield
Charles D. about treatment of the poor
88
Gustave Courbet
Realist artist, French, painted peasants and factory workers

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