Higher Functon And Perception

Question 1

Spatial Orientation

Answer 1

Orientation in space achieved mainly through vision
Vision + balance + proprioception

Question 2

Shell Model - Model of error

Answer 2

Described other interactions with another part of the model

Liveware- Liveware

Liveware- software

Liveware - hardware

Liveware - environment

Question 3

Open culture

Answer 3

Allows mistakes to be reported without risk of sanctions. Everyone learns from there mistakes

Question 4

Closed culture

Answer 4

A conspiracy of silence. No mistakes published
No one learns from there mistake

Question 5

National culture

Answer 5

Cultural norms impacting organisational culture. Can lead to a culture of silence about mistakes leading to close culture

Question 6

Safety first culture

Answer 6

Safety before commercial pressures to deliver a service

Question 7

Mental Model is

Answer 7

Brains construction of past experiences and learning

Question 8

Top down processing

Answer 8

Using brain then constructing image

Question 9

Bottom Up Processing

Answer 9

Eyes to brain
Info received to brain is enough to create perception

Question 10

Swiss Cheese Model

Answer 10

Distinguishes between invidious and organisational accidents

Individual and organisational weaknesses create holes in the barriers. Holes allow for an accident

Active errors
Latent errors

Question 11

Threat and Error Management

Answer 11

Threats - beyond control (environmental threats/organisational threats)

Errors - actions or inactions by flight crew (ac handling errors/procedural errors/communication errors)

Undesired ac state

Countermeasure to prevent undesired ac state

Question 12

X5 things for a safety culture

Answer 12

Just culture
Reporting culture
Informed culture
Learning culture
Flexible culture

Question 13

What are motor programmes

Answer 13

Stored routines that enable patterns of behaviour to be executed without continuous control.

Question 14

Motor programmes advantage

Answer 14

Enable individual to perform more than one task at same time by freeing mental resources

Question 15

3 phases of motor programmes

Answer 15

Cognitive phase - conscious action/slow/inconsistent/inefficient newbie

Associative phase - fluid and reliable some actions are controlled automatically

Automatic phase - total execution is smooth without conscious control. Trying to monitor its execution will slow it down and increase rate or error

Question 16

What Is Learning

Answer 16

Process of acquiring knowledge and skills through personal experience.

Question 17

Decision remain valid for

Answer 17

A limited period of time until next change in overall situation