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Human Errors/Decisions Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Active Errors

A

Committed by sharp end people (pilots/ATC etc)
Directly linked to accident
Short lived failures

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2
Q

Latent Errors

A

Hidden for a long time
Difficult to recognise or foresee due to time lag between occurrence
Cumulative
Manifest themselves under certain conditions
Force sense of security

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3
Q

Types of human errors

A

Violations - deliberate illegal actions
Omissions - missing out a process or step that should have been included
Faults - wrong drill for the task
Slips - do not meet operators intent but intent itself was correct

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4
Q

Tolerant to errors

A

When the consequences will not seriously jeopardise safety

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5
Q

Errors and groups

A

Groups tend to make riskier decision than any group member alone.

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6
Q

Risky shift

A

Change decision to become more extreme and risky when acting as a group.

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7
Q

James Reasons errors are

A

Slips/Lapses - correct intent failed execution

Mistakes - you do the wrong thing - failure of action plan

Violations - deliberate action

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8
Q

Error Management Strategies

A

Error Prevention
Error Reduction
Error detection
Error recovery
Error tolerance

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9
Q

Situational awareness + components

A

Modelling of a situation

Environmental
Spatial orientation
Time horizon
System awareness
Mode awareness

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10
Q

How can you regain SA?

A

Reduce workload
Reduce pace of event
Rebuild mental picture
Step back
Take more time to decide

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11
Q

Definition of an error

A

An error is the mismatch between pilots intention and the result of his her action

KEYWORD INTENTION to carry out an action

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12
Q

Slip is a

A

An error which the intention was correct but failure occurred in carrying out activity

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13
Q

Mistake is a

A

A error which arises from incorrect intention leading to incorrect action sequence. A failure of action plan with a flawed outcome

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14
Q

Violations

A

Deliberate action

Routine - violation to save time/reduce work load

Exceptional - intended good outcome/boredom etc

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15
Q

Internally generated errors

A

Illness
Skill deterioration
Fatigue
Poor motivation
Distraction
Memory failure
Perceptual error

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16
Q

Externally generated errors

A

Stressors
High work load
Ergonomics
Economics
Social environment

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17
Q

Environmental capture

A

Tendency for a skill to be executed in an environment which is frequently exercised even if not appropriate action

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18
Q

Lapses

A

Errors from forgetting to do something

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19
Q

Successful error management methods x5

A

Error prevention
Error reduction
Error detection
Error recovery
Error tolerance

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20
Q

TEM countermeasures

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A

Planning Countermeasures - managing and anticipated/unexpected threats (SOP briefing)

Execution Countermeasures - essentials for error detection and error response

Review countermeasure - essential for managing changing conditions of a flight

21
Q

Behaviour is shaped by

Study These Flashcards
A

Internal factors - childhood/career/school
External factors - groups etc

22
Q

Personality is

Study These Flashcards
A

Our stable behaviour character

Shaped at childhood/past experience
Do not change

23
Q

Ideal Pilot would be

Study These Flashcards
A

Stable extrovert

24
Q

Humanist Model describes

Study These Flashcards
A

Self Concept - How you see yourself
Self Ideal - how you think you should be

SImilar between the two is more balance and ideal

Different - aggressive/awkward/confused

25
Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs
Used to explain motivation Bottom to top: Physiological needs - food/water Safety needs - safe environment Cognitive needs - knowledge/understanding Aesthetic needs - beauty in ones self Self actualisations - realising potential/self fulfilment
26
Hazardous Attitudes
Anti authorisation Impulsiveness Sense of invulnerability Excessive self esteem Resignation Resignation Complacency
27
Desirable Attitudes
Conscientiousness Self control Stable slight extrovert Agreeable
28
Synergy in a group
Group performance exceeds sum of all individuals best performance Each group member motivated to support each other
29
Group THinking
Desire to reach agreement to override rational decision making
30
Autocratic Authority Cockpit
Decision without consultation Disregards opinions of other crew Little/no team work - overload//high tension/withdrawal
31
Laissez Faire Cockpit
Passive decisions/choices by other crew Hard to determine who’s in control No form of control or leadership BAD
32
Synergistic Ideal Cockpit
Leads by example,motivates, supports team work
33
DECISION
Define the aim Collect information Assess the risk Develop options Evaluate options Decide Implement Monitor Review
34
A pilot sitting below the eye datum point will normally be unable to see the
Undershoot
35
Error Chain (unintentional omission)
Multiple errors committed rather than a single one
36
Invulnerability
It wont happen to me
37
Impulsivity
Does it quickly
38
Anti Authority
Don’t tell me what to do
39
Macho
I can do it attitude
40
Resignation
What’s the use…
41
Complacency
Feeling of quiet pleasure or security often unaware of potential danger Over confidence in oneself
42
X5 Error Management way of remembering People Really Don’t Read Things
Prevention Reduction Detection Recovery Tolerance
43
Cooperation
Working together towards the same aim via communication or sharing
44
Coaction
Working together but does not imply communication or sharing
45
Cohesion
Also known as solidarity Degree to which a group hangs together as a tightly knit self contained entity.
46
Factors that contribute to group cohesion
Stability - relationships Side - small groups better than smaller ones Similarity Success External threats
47
Synergy
Groups cooperative and cohesion outweighs the sum of all the groups performance. Outperform even the best member of the group
48
Interdependence
Each crew member depends on the others to carry out actions which might otherwise be difficult or impossible for one person to perform
49
Susceptible to group think
Cohesive group Insulated from external info Ignore alternative options Under pressure Dominated by a directing leader

Human Performance (18 decks)

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